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  1. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal fracture are major complications in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who sustain spinal trauma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, predicto...

    Authors: Po-Hsun Tu, Zhuo-Hao Liu, Mun-Chun Yeap, Yu-Tse Liu, Ying-Ching Li, Yin-Cheng Huang, Tzu-Min Lin and Ching-Chang Chen
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:73
  2. Emergency departments (EDs) are operating at or above capacity, which has negative consequences on patients in terms of quality of care and morbi-mortality. Redirection strategies for low-acuity ED patients to...

    Authors: Anne-Laure Feral-Pierssens, Judy Morris, Martin Marquis, Raoul Daoust, Alexis Cournoyer, Justine Lessard, Simon Berthelot and Alexandre Messier
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:71
  3. Pressure on emergency departments (EDs) from increased attendance for minor injuries has been recognised in the United Kingdom. Radiographer-led discharge (RLD) has potential for improving efficiency, through ...

    Authors: Jenny Shepherd, Ilianna Lourida and Robert M. Meertens
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:70

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:175

  4. Low back pain is a common emergency department (ED) complaint that does not always necessitate imaging. Unnecessary imaging drives medical overuse with potential to harm patients. Quality improvement (QI) inte...

    Authors: Joshua Sapadin, Linelle Campbell, Komal Bajaj and Joshua B. Moskovitz
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:69
  5. The algorithm and protocol of the #7119 telephone triage in Tokyo, Japan, had been originally established and consists of three steps. In this study, we investigated the outcome of patients treated with physio...

    Authors: Atsushi Sakurai, Sachiko Ohta, Jun Oda, Takashi Muguruma, Takeru Abe and Naoto Morimura
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:66
  6. Patient-reported experience measures aim to capture the patient’s perspective of what happened during a care encounter and how it happened. However, due to a lack of guidance to support patient-reported experi...

    Authors: Claudia Bull, Julia Crilly, Sharon Latimer and Brigid M. Gillespie
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:65
  7. Advanced prehospital airway management includes complex procedures carried out in challenging environments, necessitating a high level of technical and non-technical skills. We aimed to describe Norwegian Air ...

    Authors: Åke Erling L. Andresen, Jo Kramer-Johansen and Thomas Kristiansen
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:64
  8. The use of intravenous opioids in the traumatic pain in pre-hospital care in the Czech Republic is based primarily on the indication of a physician. If the paramedic crew arrives at the site earlier or only on...

    Authors: Metodej Renza, Roman Sykora, David Peran, Kristina Hricova, Nikola Brizgalova, Petra Bakurova and Miloš Kukacka
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:63
  9. Opioid-related overdoses cause substantial numbers of preventable deaths. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist available in take-home naloxone (THN) kits as a lifesaving measure for opioid overdose. As the emergen...

    Authors: Katherine L. Potaka, Rebecca Freeman, Danny Soo, Nam-Anh Nguyen, Tin Fei Sim and Joanna C. Moullin
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:62
  10. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a lockdown was imposed on the Danish society. Reports from other countries that were hit by the COVID-19 pandemic before Denmark instilled fear of flooding of th...

    Authors: Jennifer Rosenkjær Eskol, Floor Dijkstra Zegers, Daniel Wittrock, Annmarie Touborg Lassen and Søren Mikkelsen
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:61
  11. The unprecedented influx of Rohingya refugees into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, in 2017 led to a humanitarian emergency requiring large numbers of humanitarian workers to be deployed to the region. The World Healt...

    Authors: Claire Blackmore, Egmond Samir Evers, S. M. Asif Sazed, Amrish Baidjoe, Victor Del Rio Vilas, Art Pesigan and Roderico Ofrin
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:60
  12. Workplace violence against health care workers is an emerging concern in various global health settings and the documentation of physical and verbal attacks against physicians in tertiary hospitals in Saudi Ar...

    Authors: Yasser H. Alnofaiey, Fahad M. Alnfeeiye, Osama M. Alotaibi, Anas A. Aloufi, Saud F. Althobaiti and Abdulmajeed G. Aljuaid
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:59
  13. Swedish Emergency Departments (EDs) see 2.6 million visits annually. Sweden has a strong tradition of health care databases, but information on patients’ pathways to the ED is not documented in any registry.

    Authors: Joakim Henricson, Ulf Ekelund, Jens Hartman, Bruno Ziegler, Lisa Kurland and Daniel Björk Wilhelms
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:58
  14. Following the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, reports emerged on decreasing emergency department (ED) visits in many countries. Patients experiencing chest pain was no exception. The aim of the curren...

    Authors: Mikkel Grande, Lars Petter Bjørnsen, Lars Eide Næss-Pleym, Lars Erik Laugsand and Bjørnar Grenne
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:57
  15. Bicycles and motorcycles are a main means of transportation and leisure for individuals aged under 20 years in South Korea. We aimed to identify the epidemiology of injuries and describe and compare patterns o...

    Authors: Hyeokmin Yun, Sung Jin Bae, Jung Il Lee and Duk Hee Lee
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:56
  16. Computed tomography (CT) is often performed to assess patients; however, little is known about how airway size measured by CT scan imaging might influence the occurrence of post-extubation upper airway obstruc...

    Authors: Mafumi Shinohara, Masayuki Iwashita, Takeru Abe and Ichiro Takeuchi
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:55
  17. During the initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave, sparse personal protection equipment made telephone triage of suscpeted COVID-19 patients for ambulance transport necessary. To spare resou...

    Authors: Julie Kjerulff, Allan Bach, Ulla Væggemose, Søren Helbo Skaarup and Morten Thingemann Bøtker
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:54
  18. Resuscitation guidance has advanced; however, the predictive performance of the termination of resuscitation (TOR) rule has not been validated for different resuscitation protocols published by the American He...

    Authors: Yu-Yuan Lin, Yin-Yu Lai, Hung-Chieh Chang, Chien-Hsin Lu, Po-Wei Chiu, Yuh-Shin Kuo, Shao-Peng Huang, Ying-Hsin Chang and Chih-Hao Lin
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:53
  19. Most emergency departments rely on acuity assessment, triage, to recognize critically ill patients that need urgent treatment, and to allocate resources according to need. The accuracy of commonly used triage ...

    Authors: Kirsi Kemp, Janne Alakare, Minna Kätkä, Mitja Lääperi, Lasse Lehtonen and Maaret Castrén
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:52
  20. The number of traffic fatalities is declining in Japan; however, a large proportion of head injuries are still attributable to traffic accidents. Severe head trauma may cause progressive and devastating coagul...

    Authors: Masahiro Asami, Shinji Nakahara, Yasufumi Miyake, Jun Kanda, Takahiro Onuki, Akira Matsuno and Tetsuya Sakamoto
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:51
  21. Pain relief for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) can improve treatment outcomes and reduce the burden on doctors and nurses. This study aims to report the clinical analgesic and sedative effects of na...

    Authors: Kaiqiang Ji, Xiaoying Gong, Ting Luan, Xiaopeng Gao and Bin Zang
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:50
  22. Electrolyte disorders are common in the emergency department. Hyponatremia is known to be associated with adverse outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pul...

    Authors: Gregor Lindner, Stefano Herschmann, Georg-Christian Funk, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Rebecca Gygli and Svenja Ravioli
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:49
  23. Workplace violence is a regular feature of emergency departments (ED) and reported to be increasing in frequency and severity. There is a paucity of data from regional EDs in Australia. The aim of this study w...

    Authors: Brodie Thomas, Peter O’Meara, Kristina Edvardsson, Damhnat McCann and Evelien Spelten
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:48
  24. The presence of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) alone, regardless of patient condition, is an indication for CT imaging in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Currently, no specific clinical dec...

    Authors: Gianni Turcato, Alessandro Cipriano, Naria Park, Arian Zaboli, Giorgio Ricci, Alessandro Riccardi, Greta Barbieri, Sara Gianpaoli, Grazia Guiddo, Massimo Santini, Norbert Pfeifer, Antonio Bonora, Ciro Paolillo, Roberto Lerza and Lorenzo Ghiadoni
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:47
  25. In the medical management of acute myocardial infarction, the transport of patients and primary care provided by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics are effective in reducing the mortality and ...

    Authors: Hjatolah Najafi, Ehsan Bahramali, Mostafa Bijani, Azizallah Dehghan, Mehdi Amirkhani and Maryam Balaghi inaloo
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:46

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:72

  26. Recent studies have shown that reducing pre-hospital time could improve the outcomes of trauma victims. Due to the importance of pre-hospital time management, this study aims to determine the effects of the Pr...

    Authors: Mohammad Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Morteza Rostamian, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh, Fahimeh Barghi Shirazi and Marzieh Mogharab
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:45
  27. Efficient communication between (helicopter) emergency medical services ((H)EMS) and healthcare professionals in the emergency department (ED) is essential to facilitate appropriate team mobilization and prepa...

    Authors: Michelle Maris, Sivera A. A. Berben, Wouter Verhoef, Pierre van Grunsven and Edward C. T. H. Tan
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:44
  28. The armed conflict in the Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo has caused close to 12,000 deaths. One of the most lethal weapons in armed conflicts is the high explosive hand grenade. The study ai...

    Authors: Paul Munguakonkwa Budema, Romeo Bujiriri Murhega, Tshibambe Nathanael Tshimbombu, Georges Kuyigwa Toha, Fabrice Gulimwentuga Cikomola, Paterne Safari Mudekereza, Léon-Emmanuel Mubenga, Ghislain Maheshe Balemba, Darck Cubaka Badesire and Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:43
  29. In Iran, the emergency departments (EDs) have largely adopted the emergency severity index (ESI) to prioritize the emergency patients, however emergency medical services (EMS) mainly triage the patients based ...

    Authors: Peyman Saberian, Atefeh Abdollahi, Parisa Hasani-Sharamin, Maryam Modaber and Ehsan Karimialavijeh
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:42
  30. An effective emergency medical dispatch process is vital to provide appropriate prehospital care to patients. It increases patient safety and ensures the sustainable use of medical resources. Although Copenhag...

    Authors: Sterre Otten, Cassandra Rehbock, Thomas Krafft, Martin Vang Haugaard, Eva Pilot, Stig Nikolaj Blomberg and Helle Collatz Christensen
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:41
  31. Adequate performance of trauma team activation (TTA) criteria is important in order to accurately triage trauma patients. The Swedish National Trauma Triage Criteria (SNTTC) consists of 29 criteria that trigge...

    Authors: Lina Holmberg, Kevin Mani, Knut Thorbjørnsen, Anders Wanhainen, Håkan Andréasson, Claes Juhlin and Fredrik Linder
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:40
  32. Delivery of major trauma care is complex and often fast paced. Clear and comprehensive documentation is paramount to support effective communication during complex clinical care episodes, and to allow collecti...

    Authors: Joanna Butler, Evan Wright, Lucy Longbottom, Alan S. Whitelaw, Kevin Thomson, Malcolm W. G. Gordon and David J. Lowe
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:39
  33. Intoxications are common in intensive care units (ICUs). The number of causative substances is large, mortality usually low. This retrospective cohort study aims to characterize differences of intoxicated comp...

    Authors: Richard Rezar, Christian Jung, Behrooz Mamandipoor, Clemens Seelmaier, Thomas K. Felder, Michael Lichtenauer, Sarah Wernly, Samanta M. Zwaag, Dylan W. De Lange, Bernhard Wernly and Venet Osmani
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:38
  34. Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) is considered as one of the main health challenges and causes of mortality, worldwide and especially in Iran. Predicting the place where RTIs-related death takes place is vital in ...

    Authors: Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun, Jamali-Dolatabad Milad, Golestani Mina and Sarbakhsh Parvin
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:37
  35. After clinical evaluation in the emergency department (ED), facial burn patients are usually intubated to protect their airways. However, the possibility of unnecessary intubation or delayed intubation after a...

    Authors: Ruo-Yi Huang, Szu-Jen Chen, Yen-Chang Hsiao, Ling-Wei Kuo, Chien-Hung Liao, Chi-Hsun Hsieh, Francesco Bajani and Chih-Yuan Fu
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:36
  36. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has challenged healthcare globally. An acute increase in the number of hospitalized patients has ...

    Authors: Rashudy F. Mahomedradja, Tessa O. van den Beukel, Maaike van den Bos, Steven Wang, Kirsten A. Kalverda, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, Marianne A. Kuijvenhoven, Esther J. Nossent, Majon Muller, Kim C. E. Sigaloff, Jelle Tichelaar and Michiel A. van Agtmael
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:35
  37. To investigate current knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CPR quality control among emergency physicians in Chinese tertiary hospitals.

    Authors: Kang Zheng, Lanfang Du, Yu Cao, Zhendong Niu, Zhenju Song, Zhi Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Xudong Xiang, Qidi Zhou, Hui Xiong, Fengying Chen, Guoqiang Zhang and Qingbian Ma
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:33
  38. Sepsis has high incidence and fatality rates in intensive care units, often leading to renal failure. The effectiveness of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (...

    Authors: Zichen Wang, Luming Zhang, Fengshuo Xu, Didi Han and Jun Lyu
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:32
  39. Refractory out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with extremely poor outcomes. However, in selected patients extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) may be an effective rescue therapy...

    Authors: Pramod Chandru, Tatum Priyambada Mitra, Nitesh Dutt Dhanekula, Mark Dennis, Adam Eslick, Natalie Kruit and Andrew Coggins
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:31
  40. It is difficult to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation during CPR, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS...

    Authors: Kento Sakaguchi, Masayuki Takada, Kazunori Takahashi, Yu Onodera, Tadahiro Kobayashi, Kaneyuki Kawamae and Masaki Nakane
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:30
  41. Stroke is a common medical emergency responsible for significant mortality and disability. Early identification improves outcomes by promoting access to time-critical treatments such as thrombectomy for large ...

    Authors: Lou Sutcliffe, Hannah Lumley, Lisa Shaw, Richard Francis and Christopher I. Price
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:29
  42. Recent randomized control trials (RCTs) have confirmed that antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) neither accelerate recovery nor prevent complications or recurrences.

    Authors: Najia Azhar, Hager Aref, Adam Brorsson, Marie-Louise Lydrup, Fredrik Jörgren, Johannes Kurt Schultz and Pamela Buchwald
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:28
  43. Acute heart failure patients are often encountered in emergency departments (ED) from 11% to 57% using emergency medical services (EMS). Our aim was to evaluate the association of EMS use with acute heart fail...

    Authors: Pia Harjola, Tuukka Tarvasmäki, Cinzia Barletta, Richard Body, Jean Capsec, Michael Christ, Luis Garcia-Castrillo, Adela Golea, Mehmet A. Karamercan, Paul-Louis Martin, Òscar Miró, Jukka Tolonen, Oene van Meer, Ari Palomäki, Franck Verschuren, Veli-Pekka Harjola…
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:27
  44. Elderly patients with sepsis have many comorbidities, and the clinical reaction is not obvious. Thus, clinical treatment is difficult. We planned to use the laboratory test results and comorbidities of elderly...

    Authors: Luming Zhang, Tao Huang, Fengshuo Xu, Shaojin Li, Shuai Zheng, Jun Lyu and Haiyan Yin
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:26
  45. To investigate and understand the determinants of decisions not to attempt resuscitation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, to contribute to establishing rules that are appropriate to China.

    Authors: Sijia Tian, Shengmei Niu, Luxi Zhang, Huixin Lian, Ming Zhou, Xuejiao Zhang, Xuqin Kang and JinJun Zhang
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:25
  46. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), both isolated and in combination with extracranial lesions, is a global health problem associated with high mortality. Among various risk factors for poor clinical outcomes, age i...

    Authors: Sanae Hosomi, Tomotaka Sobue, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Hiroshi Ogura and Takeshi Shimazu
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22:24

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