Influence of alcohol and other substances of abuse at the time of injury among patients in a Norwegian emergency department

Table 2 Prevalence of the different substances above the cut-off limit at the time of admittance to the hospital, and percentage under the influence (comparable to a BAC of 0.05 % or higher) at the time of injury among patients who have the different substances in blood above the cut-off limit, and mean score of points at the time of injury

Substance	Prevalence n (%)	Influenced %	Mean score of points (95 % CI)
Alcohol	263 (26.4)	98.1	4.3 (4.1–4.5)
Medicinal drugs	163 (16.4)	47.2	4.3 (3.6–4.9)
Benzodiazepines	97 (9.7)	70.1	4.6 (3.9–5.4)
Diazepam	34 (3.4)	85.3	5.3 (4.2–6.3)
Clonazepam	17 (1.7)	88.2	5.4 (4.5–6.5)
Flunitrazepam	16 (1.6)	87.5	6.3 (4.6–8.0)
Oxazepam	16 (1.6)	75.0	5.4 (3.6–7.3)
Nitrazepam	12 (1.2)	83.3	3.5 (1.9–5.1)
Alprazolam	7 (0.7)	100.0	6.4 (3.9–9.0)
Zopiclone	35 (3.5)	40.0	2.4 (1.1–3.7)
Zolpidem	6 (0.6)	100.0	4.0 (1.5–6.5)
Opioids	44 (4.4)	40.9	4.3 (2.6–6.0)
Codeine	34 (3.4)	23.5	1.4 (0.6–2.1)
Morphine	11 (1.1)	81.8	6.6 (4.4–8.8)
Methadone	6 (0.6)	40.9	8.3 (5.3-11-2)
Illicit drugs	82 (8.2)	79.3	4.75 (4.1–5.4)
Tetrahydrocannabinol	58 (5.8)	81.0	4.3 (3.6–4.9)
^aAmphetamines	18 (1.8)	88.9	5.6 (4.0–7.3)
Cocaine	11 (1.1)	63.6	6.0 (4.5–7.5)

ISSN: 1471-227X