Management and outcomes of patients presenting with sepsis and septic shock to the emergency department during nursing handover: a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 The presenting characteristics of patients who arrived during the handover time and those who arrived during the non-handover time

	Handover time	Non-Handover time	P-value
All patients	N = 228	N = 1102
Source of sepsis, no. (%)
Pneumonia	103 (45.2)	499 (45.3)	0.98
Urinary tract infection	32 (14)	173 (15.7)	0.53
Acute abdominal infection	15 (6.6)	80 (7.3)	0.72
Soft tissue infection	6 (2.6)	42 (3.8)	0.38
Other infections	84 (36.8)	376 (34.1)	0.43
Signs and Symptoms, no. (%)
Temperature > 38 °C	57 (25)	281 (25.5)	0.87
Temperature < 36 °C	6 (2.6)	41 (3.7)	0.42
Acutely altered mental status	47 (20.6)	217 (19.7)	0.75
Chills and rigors	2 (0.9)	18 (1.6)	0.39
Heart Rate > 90/min	201 (88.2)	945 (85.8)	0.34
Respiratory Rate > 20/min	197 (86.4)	928 (84.2)	0.40
Hypotension*	75 (32.9)	332 (30.1)	0.41
Hypoxia*	75 (32.9)	332 (30.1)	0.41
Laboratory Findings, no. (%)
Leukocytosis*	99 (43.4)	452 (41)	0.50
Leukopenia*	14 (6.1)	49 (4.5)	0.27
Increased creatinine*	13 (5.7)	99 (9)	0.10
Thrombocytopenia*	8 (3.5)	33 (3)	0.68
Hyperbilirubinemia*	5 (2.2)	41 (3.7)	0.25
Hyperlactatemia*	100 (43.9)	458 (41.6)	0.52
Coagulopathy*	13 (5.7)	57 (5.2)	0.74

*Hypotension: systolic blood pressure < 90, mean arterial pressure < 65 or systolic blood pressure decrease > 40 mmHg from baseline, *Hypoxia: oxygen requirement to maintain oxygen saturation > 90%, *Leukocytosis: WBC count > 12 Å~ 109/L, *Leucopenia: white blood cell count < 4 Å~ 109/L, *Increased creatinine: creatinine increase > 176.8 mmol/L, *Thrombocytopenia: platelet count < 100 Å~ 109/L, *Hyperbilirubinemia: bilirubin > 34.2 mmol/L, *Hyperlactatemia: lactate > 2 mmol/L, *Coagulopathy: international normalized ratio (INR) > 1

ISSN: 1471-227X