Table 2 Study instruments description and administration

Screening, eligibility and enrollment questionnaire

• Karliner, et al. Spanish language proficiency & preference [54]

• Baseline

• Ballard and Tighe Idea Proficiency Test II

• Administered by RA

• Demographic characteristics & nativity

• < 5 min

• US acculturation (for Latinos) per the SASH [63]

• HIV testing history & HIV-related exclusion screen

• Willingness to undergo rapid HIV testing

• Adapted from our prior research [19, 21, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51]

Short Assessment of Health Literacy-Spanish & English (SAHL-S&E [22])

• Measures health literacy level

• Baseline

• Score of ≤14 indicates lower health literacy

• Administered by RA

• SAHL-S is highly correlated with TOFHLA (r = 0.62), & SAHL-E is highly correlated with REALM (r = 0.94) & TOFHLA (r = 0.68)

• 3–5 min

• SAHL-S&E reliability is 0.80 & 0.89, respectively

3 single-item screening tests for health literacy [40,41,42,43]

• Derived from the S-TOHFLA

• Baseline

• AUCs for 3 questions vs. S-TOHFLA (0.66–0.74) vs. REALM (0.72–0.84)

• Administered by RA

• < 1 min for each question

HIV testing motivation and behavioral skills questionnaire (Behavioral Skills and motivation)

• Measures Motivation: (1) attitudes toward need for HIV testing for oneself, (2) beliefs regarding the value of HIV testing, and (3) self-perceived risk for having an HIV infection; and Behavioral skills: skills and self-efficacy on (1) initiation/seeking of HIV testing, (2) interpretation and response to HIV test results, and (3) assessment of HIV risk and need for repeat testing

• Baseline (pre- and post-information by video or pictorial brochure)

• Adapted from our prior research [47, 49, 51] and other author recommendations [74]

• Self-administered by telephone

• < 2 min

HIV/AIDS and HIV testing information delivery mode preferences and satisfaction questionnaire

• Measures preferences and satisfaction with pictorial brochure or video

• Baseline (pre- and post-information by video or pictorial brochure)

• Adapted from our prior research [20]

• Self-administered by telephone

• 1 Pre- and post-information question on preferences with delivery mode

• 1 min

• 1 post-information question on satisfaction with delivery mode information

HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge questionnaire [21] (Information)

• Measures HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge applicable to CDC-recommended information at the time of testing

• Baseline (pre- and post-information by video or pictorial brochure)

• Cronbach’s α = 0.80; See A.1. Preliminary research for more details about development, testing, and utilization of this instrument

• 3, 6, 9 and 12-month follow-up

• 25 questions; yes/no/don’t know responses

• Self-administered by telephone

• 5–10 min

HIV risk-taking questionnaire

• Measures number of partners and frequency of condom usage by gender and type of partner (main, casual and exchange partners) and injection-drug use

• Baseline

• Based upon CDC National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS)

• 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-up

• Adapted from our prior research [47, 49, 53]

• Self-administered by telephone

• 5–10 min

HIV test utilization questionnaire

• Queries participants about HIV testing in the follow-up period

• 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-up

• Adapted from our prior research [47, 49, 51]

• Self-administered by telephone

• < 2 min

Repeat rapid HIV testing acceptance questionnaire

• Measures participant acceptance of offer of repeat rapid HIV testing at 1 year post-enrollment and reasons for acceptance/decline

• 12-month follow-up

• Adapted from our prior research [47] and research by other authors [49, 51, 75,76,77,78,79,80]

• Self-administered by telephone

• < 2 min