Table 1 Patient characteristics of representative sample
Total (n = 998) | Center A (n = 653) | Center B (n = 345) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, male | 5111 (51.2) | 353 (54.1) | 158 (45.8) | 0.013 |
Age (years) | 62.4 (53.2–73.5) | 62.4 (53.2–73.5) | 62.3 (53.4–73) | 0.797 |
Preoperative medical conditions | ||||
Hypertension | 396 (39.7) | 278 (42.69 | 118 (34.2) | 0.010 |
Diabetes mellitus | 137 (13.3) | 89 (13.6) | 48 (13.9 | 0.901 |
Chronic renal disease | 59 (5.9) | 43 (6.6) | 16 (4.6) | 0.215 |
Major cardiovascular diseaseb | 252 (16.9) | 200 (19.9) | 52 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
COPD | 62 (6.2) | 51 (7.8) | 11 (3.2) | 0.014 |
Active cancer | 197 (13.3) | 154 (15.4) | 43 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
Major general surgery | 236 (15.9) | 179 (17.9) | 57 (11.7) | 0.002 |
Risk factors for 30-day mortalitya | 0.006 | |||
No risk factors | 434 (43.5) | 275 (42.1) | 159 (46.1) | |
1 or 2 risk factors | 433 (43.4) | 276 (42.3) | 157 (45.5) | |
≥ 3 risk factors | 131 (13.1) | 102 (15.6) | 29 (8.4) | |
Preoperative interventions | ||||
Medical assessments | 6 (4–10) | 7 (5–11) | 4 (3–7) | < 0.001 |
Laboratories | 8 (4–16) | 11 (6–19) | 6 (3–11) | < 0.001 |
Diagnostic images | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
Type of surgery | < 0.001 | |||
General | 735 (73.6) | 522 (79.9) | 213 (61.7) | |
Orthopedic | 263 (26.4) | 131 (20.1) | 132 (38.3) | |
ED LOS (hours) | 24.6 (12.5–53.2) | 24.2 (13.2–50.5) | 24.8 (11–64.3) | 0.965 |
Duration of surgery (hours) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 1.5 (1.1–2) | < 0.001 |