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Table 3 Demographic data and clinical course for patients presenting with acute poisoning related to recreational drug use

From: Acute poisoning related to the recreational use of prescription drugs: an observational study from Oslo, Norway

 

Benzodiazepines

n (%)

Z-drugs

n (%)

Methadone

n (%)

Buprenorphine

n (%)

Opioids class Aa

n (%)

Opioids class Bb

n (%)

Methylphenidate

n (%)

Pregabalin

n (%)

Quetiapine

n (%)

Others

n (%)

All casesc

n (%)

Gender

 Females

162 (23.3)

13 (50.0)

12 (20.0)

12 (22.6)

5 (14.3)

7 (31.8)

3 (27.3)

4 (66.7)

4 (66.7)

2 (33.3)

190 (23.2)

 Males

534 (76.7)

13 (50.0)

48 (80.0)

41 (77.4)

30 (85.7)

15 (68.2)

8 (72.7)

2 (33.3)

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

629 (76.8)

Aged,e

35 (28–46)

49 (32–61)

44 (36–50)

37 (30–49)

46 (33–54)

37 (31–46)

28 (23–39)

37 (33–48)

29 (19–37)

40 (24–45)

37 (28–47)

Brought by ambulance

375 (53.9)

12 (46.2)

34 (56.7)

28 (52.8)

24 (68.6)

16 (72.7)

6 (54.5)

3 (50.0)

5 (83.3)

4 (66.7)

449 (54.8)

Time of presentation

 Nightf

222 (31.9)

11 (42.3)

15 (25.0)

13 (24.5)

8 (22.9)

5 (22.7)

5 (45.5)

1 (16.7)

3 (50.0)

2 (33.3)

257 (31.4)

 Weekendg

185 (26.6)

10 (38.5)

11 (18.3)

17 (32.1)

8 (22.9)

6 (27.3)

4 (36.4)

5 (83.3)

3 (50.0)

1 (16.7)

221 (27.0)

Length of stayd,h

4:39

(2:41–6:29)

3:12

(2:01–4:07)

4:39

(2:37–6:47)

4:28

(2:30–6:55)

3:19

(2:15–4:42)

2:35

(1:42–4:49)

2:00

(1:16–4:42)

3:01

(1:54–4:45)

2:44

(1:34–6:16)

2:29

(2:09–3:26)

4:31

(2:31–6:21)

Treatmenti

154 (22.1)

7 (26.9)

16 (26.7)

6 (11.3)

9 (25.7)

7 (31.8)

3 (27.3)

1 (16.7)

–

1 (16.7)

183 (22.3)

 Naloxone

117 (16.8)

4 (15.4)

11 (18.3)

4 (7.5)

8 (22.9)

5 (22.7)

1 (9.1)

–

–

1 (16.7)

133 (16.2)

 Flumazenil

2 (0.3)

–

–

1 (1.9)

–

–

–

–

–

–

3 (0.4)

 Sedation

11 (1.6)

1 (3.8)

–

–

–

1 (4.5)

2 (18.2)

–

–

1 (16.7)

15 (1.8)

Disposition

 Admitted somatic hospital

118 (17.0)

8 (30.8)

18 (30.0)

5 (9.4)

7 (20.0)

5 (22.7)

3 (27.3)

1 (16.7)

–

3 (50.0)

143 (17.5)

 Admitted psychiatric ward

9 (1.3)

2 (7.7)

1 (1.7)

1 (1.9)

1 (2.9)

–

2 (18.2)

–

1 (16.7)

–

14 (1.7)

 Medically discharged

454 (65.2)

13 (50.0)

34 (56.7)

37 (69.8)

20 (57.1)

10 (45.5)

4 (36.4)

5 (83.3)

4 (66.7)

3 (50.0)

526 (64.2)

 Self-discharge

115 (16.5)

3 (11.5)

7 (11.7)

10 (18.9)

7 (20.0)

7 (31.8)

2 (18.2)

–

1 (16.7)

–

136 (16.6)

Total

696 (100)

26 (100)

60 (100)

53 (100)

35 (100)

22 (100)

11 (100)

6 (100)

6 (100)

6 (100)

819 (100)

  1. aClass A is the strictest regimen of prescription by Norwegian regulations
  2. bPrescription of class B drugs is less strictly regulated than class A, but more than ordinary prescription drugs (class C)
  3. cAs many patients had taken more than one drug, the numbers for the separate prescription drug categories add up to more than the total number of cases
  4. dMedian (interquartile range)
  5. eMissing data in 5 cases
  6. fNight: 22:00–05:59
  7. gSaturdays and Sundays
  8. hIn hours:minutes
  9. iAny treatment other than mere observation
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