| Total (n = 1599) | VUO (n = 229) | Non-VUO (n = 1370) | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physician work (TP) | 389 | (282–515) | 435 | (358–562) | 382 | (273–509) | < 0.001 |
 Physician check-up effort (TP) | 195 | (115–231) | 222 | (142–258) | 186 | (107–231) | < 0.001 |
 Physician admin work (TP) | 107 | (53–160) | 160 | (71–213) | 107 | (53–160) | < 0.001 |
 Physician medical report work (TP) | 39 | (39–71) | 39 | (39–71) | 39 | (39–71) | 0.008 |
Nurse work (TP) | 98 | (35–98) | 62 | (35–98) | 98 | (35–98) | 0.119 |
Laboratory resources (TP) | 141 | (81–239) | 140 | (82–226) | 141 | (81–239) | 0.821 |
Radiology resources (TP) | 82 | (0–952) | 484 | (0–952) | 67 | (0–952) | 0.007 |
 Sonography [n (%)] | 162 | (10.1) | 25 | (10.9) | 137 | (10.0) | 0.670 |
 X-ray [n (%)] | 285 | (17.8) | 31 | (13.5) | 254 | (18.5) | 0.067 |
 CT scan [n (%)] | 555 | (34.7) | 109 | (47.6) | 446 | (32.6) | < 0.001 |
 MRI scan [n (%)] | 428 | (26.8) | 80 | (34.9) | 348 | (25.4) | 0.003 |
Total ED resources (TP) | 867 | (532–1577) | 1170 | (628–1661) | 831 | (523–1552) | < 0.001 |
Total ED costs (US$) | 1382 | (920–2044) | 1520 | (1008–2124) | 1356 | (911–2022) | 0.018 |