Table 4 The likelihood of multiple-dose administration of naloxone during a single EMS attendance as a function of sex, age, vital signs, place of attendance and dose (n = 1530), Model 2
From: Prehospital naloxone administration – what influences choice of dose and route of administration?
Single dose 100% (n = 1303) | Multiple doses 100% (n = 227) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Women | 24.7 (322) | 18.5 (42) | ref | ref |
Men | 75.3 (981) | 81.5 (185) | 1.5 [1.0, 2.2] | 1.8** [1.2, 2.6] |
Age (years) | ||||
< 30 | 23.0 (300) | 26.9 (61) | ref | ref |
30–49 | 59.5 (775) | 57.3 (130) | 0.8 [0.6, 1.2] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.5] |
≥ 50 | 17.5 (228) | 15.9 (36) | 0.8 [0.5, 1.3] | 1.1 [0.6, 1.9] |
Glasgow Coma Scale | ||||
3/15 | 40.5 (528) | 64.8 (147) | 9.5*** [2.3, 39.2] | 17.1*** [3.9, 75.0] |
4–9/15 | 21.2 (276) | 17.2 (39) | 4.8* [1.1, 20.5] | 7.8** [1.8, 34.4] |
10–14/15 | 24.6 (321) | 9.3 (21) | 2.2 [0.5, 9.7] | 2.7 [0.6, 11.9] |
15/15 | 5.2 (68) | 0.9 (2) | ref | ref |
No valid report | 8.4 (110) | 7.9 (18) | 5.6* [1.2, 24.9] | 7.9** [1.7, 36.9] |
Respiration rate | ||||
0/min | 13.8 (180) | 20.7 (47) | 1.6* [1.1, 2.5] | 1.9* [1.2, 3.2] |
1–8/min | 39.6 (516) | 40.5 (92) | 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.5] |
≥ 9/min | 34.1 (444) | 31.3 (71) | ref | ref |
No valid report | 12.5 (163) | 7.5 (17) | 0.7 [0.4, 1.1] | 0.8 [0.4, 1.4] |
Place of attendance | ||||
Safe injection facility | 43.1 (562) | 15.4 (35) | 0.2*** [0.2, 0.4] | 0.2*** [0.1, 0.3] |
All other locations | 56.9 (741) | 84.6 (192) | ref | ref |
Initial naloxone dose | ||||
0.4 mg IM | 42.1 (549) | 47.6 (108) | ref | ref |
0.8 mg IM | 57.9 (754) | 52.4 (119) | 0.8 [0.6, 1.1] | 0.4*** [0.3, 0.5] |