Table 4 Summary of intervention radiology compared between paediatric and adult trauma patients with transcatheter arterial embolisation
Variable | All patients | Paediatric patients | Adult patients | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 114) | (n = 15) | (n = 99) | ||
Treatment before IVR, n (%) | ||||
Resuscitative endovascular balloon of the aorta | 4 (4) | 1 (7) | 3 (3) | 0.476 |
Surgical intervention | 31 (27) | 5 (33) | 26 (26) | 0.566 |
Time interval, minutes, (medican, IQR) | ||||
from arrival to beginning of IVR | 89 (72–120) | 78 (66–132) | 89 (74–119) | 0.299 |
from beginning to end of IVR | 66 (48–73) | 55 (43–59) | 65 (51–76) | 0.007 |
Size of catheter sheath, French Gauge, (median, IQR) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (4–5) | 6 (5–6) | < 0.001 |
Embolic agents, n (%) | ||||
Coils | 49 (43) | 6 (40) | 43 (43) | 0.802 |
Gelatin particles | 102 (90) | 13 (87) | 89 (90) | 0.704 |
NBCA | 71 (62) | 7 (47) | 64 (65) | 0.181 |
Target region of embolisation, n (%) | ||||
Chest and/or abdominal region | 99 (87) | 13 (87) | 86 (87) | 0.983 |
Pelvic region | 88 (77) | 4 (27) | 84 (85) | < 0.001 |
Target artery of embolisation, n (%) | ||||
Internal thoracic artery | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.696 |
Intercostal artery | 6 (5) | 3 (20) | 3 (3) | 0.006 |
Phrenic artery | 6 (5) | 1 (7) | 5 (5) | 0.794 |
Splenic artery | 21 (18) | 5 (33) | 16 (16) | 0.110 |
Hepatic artery | 20 (18) | 4 (27) | 16 (16) | 0.319 |
Renal artery | 10 (9) | 1 (7) | 9 (9) | 0.757 |
Adrenal artery | 7 (6) | 3 (20) | 4 (4) | 0.016 |
Colonic artery | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (2) | 0.579 |
Superio mesenteric artery | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.697 |
Inferio mesenteric artery | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (2) | 0.579 |
Gastroduodenal artery | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.697 |
Pelvic artery | 75 (66) | 4 (27) | 71 (71) | 0.001 |
Lumbar artery | 48 (42) | 4 (27) | 44 (44) | 0.194 |
Degree of haemorrhage control, n (%) | ||||
Effective haemorrhage control | 101 (89) | 14 (93) | 87 (88) | 0.536 |
Ongoing haemorrhage | 9 (8) | 1 (7) | 8 (8) | 0.850 |
Exsanguination and death | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4) | 0.428 |
Repeated IVR, n (%) | 4 (4) | 0 | 4 (4) | 0.428 |
Patients with complications, n (%) | ||||
Major | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (2) | 0.579 |
Minor | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.696 |