| Quartiles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | P | |
16–42 | 43–65 | 66–82 | 83–1061 | ||
n = 1705 | n = 1552 | n = 1812 | n = 1583 | ||
Sex – n (%) | |||||
 Female | 908 (53.3) | 721 (46.5) | 892 (49.2) | 1004 (63.4) | <0.001 |
Dispatcher priority – n (%) (14,6,10,3)a |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
 Priority 1 | 965 (57.1) | 832 (53.8) | 862 (47.8) | 590 (37.3) |  |
 Priority 2 | 674 (39.9) | 660 (42.7) | 851 (47.2) | 886 (56.1) |  |
 Priority 3 | 52 (3.1) | 54 (3.5) | 89 (4.9) | 104 (6.6) |  |
Dispatch medical indexb – n (%) (13,7,10,1)a | |||||
 Chest pain/cardiac disease | 158 (9.3) | 269 (17.4) | 322 (17.9) | 242 (15.3) | <0.001 |
 Extremity wound/minor trauma | 120 (7.1) | 130 (8.4) | 239 (13.3) | 315 (19.9) | <0.001 |
 Uncertain information/suspicion of severe illness | 158 (9.3) | 166 (10.7) | 215 (11.9) | 187 (11.8) | 0.056 |
 Respiratory difficulties | 100 (5.9) | 118 (7.6) | 255 (14.2) | 235 (14.9) | <0.001 |
 Abdominal/urinary tract symptoms | 205 (12.1) | 179 (11.6) | 184 (10.2) | 136 (8.6) | 0.006 |
Medical historyc – n (%) | |||||
 Diseases of the circulatory system I00-I99 | 81 (2.5) | 795 (18.7) | 2415 (34.1) | 2846 (41.5) | <0.001 |
 Mental and behavioural disorders F00-F99 | 1486 (45.8) | 1135 (26.7) | 691 (9.8) | 499 (7.3) | <0.001 |
 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases E00-E89 | 163 (5.0) | 397 (9.3) | 795 (11.2) | 551 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue M00-M99 | 84 (2.6) | 251 (5.9) | 535 (7.6) | 579 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
 Diseases of the digestive system K00-K95 | 186 (5.7) | 304 (7.1) | 413 (5.8) | 322 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
 No medical history | 600 (35.2) | 221 (14.2) | 59 (3.3) | 24 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Time of day – n (%) |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
 08:00–16:00 | 548 (32.1) | 621 (40.0) | 877 (48.4) | 860 (54.3) |  |
 16:00–24:00 | 724 (42.5) | 598 (24.5) | 643 (35.5) | 473 (29.9) |  |
 24:00–08:00 | 433 (25.4) | 333 (21.5) | 292 (16.1) | 250 (15.8) |  |
Time on scene – mins (25th, 75th percentile) | |||||
 Median | 19 (12,28) | 20 (14,28) | 24 (17,33) | 27 (19,35) | <0.001 |
Initial vital signs – median (25th, 75th percentile) (% deviating)d | |||||
 Respiratory rate/min (198,154,133,99)a | 18 (16,20) (4.8) | 18 (16,20) (6.4) | 18 (16,20) (12.5) | 18 (16,22) (14.4) | < 0.001 |
 Saturation % (167,130,108,87) | 99 (97,100) (1.2) | 98 (96,99) (2.8) | 97 (95,98) (6.8) | 96 (94,98) (7.2) | < 0.001 |
 Pulse rate/min (160,126,107,80) | 90 (78,104) (8.5) | 86 (75,100) (7.3) | 85 (74,100) (7.3) | 83 (71,97) (5.5) | < 0.001 |
 Systolic blood pressure – mm/hg (219,164,132,94) | 120 (112,135) (1.1) | 140 (120,150) (1.8) | 140 (120,160) (2.1) | 140 (120,160) (1.9) | <0.001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure – mm/hg (430,316,291,243) | 80(70,85) (0.0) | 80(75,90) (0.1) | 80 (70,90) (0.3) | 80 (70,90) (0.0) | 0.187 |
 Temperature °C (411,303,230,150) | 36.9 (36.5,37.3) (0.5) | 36.8 (36.4,37.1) (0.6) | 36.9 (36.5,37.3) (0.6) | 36.9 (36.5,37.3) (0.4) | 0.164 |
 Level of consciousness – n (%) (11,18,16,12) |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  RLS 1/ GCS 15e | 1521 (89.8) | 1410 (91.9) | 1699 (94.6) | 1495 (95.2) |  |
  RLS 2,3/ GCS 13–10 | 137 (8.1) | 94 (6.1) | 69 (3.8) | 53 (3.3) |  |
  RLS ≥4/ GCS ≤ 8 | 36 (2.1) | 30 (2.0) | 28 (1.6) | 23 (1.5) |  |
Prehospital triage level according to RETTS-A – n (%) (192,144,107,108)a |  |  |  |  | 0.525 |
 Red | 122 (8.1) | 140 (9.9) | 192 (11.3) | 150 (10.2) |  |
 Orange | 507 (33.5) | 470 (33.4) | 507 (29.7) | 424 (28.7) |  |
 Yellow | 621 (41.0) | 561 (39.8) | 738 (43.3) | 675 (45.8) |  |
 Green | 263 (17.4) | 237 (16.8) | 268 (15.7) | 226 (15.3) |  |
Prehospital field assessment according to RETTS-Af – n (%) (192,143,104,99)a | |||||
 Chest/thoracic pain | 108 (7.1) | 177 (12.4) | 202 (11.7) | 136 (9.1) | <0.001 |
 Abdominal/flank pain | 194 (12.7) | 174 (12.3) | 134 (7.8) | 92 (6.2) | <0.001 |
 Respiratory distress/dyspnoa/breathing difficulties | 42 (2.8) | 79 (5.6) | 228 (13.3) | 196 (13.2) | <0.001 |
 Unspecific condition | 49 (3.2) | 84 (6.0) | 164 (9.6) | 194 (13.1) | <0.001 |
 Injury/head trauma | 99 (6.5) | 79 (5.6) | 86 (5.0) | 88 (5.9) | 0.320 |
 Under the influence of substances (alcohol, drugs) – n (%) | 341 (20.0) | 220 (14.2) | 93 (5.1) | 15 (0.9) | <0.001 |
Prehospital medication – n (%) | |||||
 Any medication | 424 (24.9) | 439 (28.3) | 573 (31.6) | 475 (30.0) | <0.001 |
 Intravenous medication | 237 (13.9) | 245 (15.8) | 289 (15.9) | 262 (16.6) | 0.170 |
Level of care – n (%) | |||||
 Hospital | 1274 (74.7) | 1233 (79.4) | 1486 (82.0) | 1347 (85.1) | <0.001 |
  Emergency department | 1174 (92.2) | 1162 (94.2) | 1380 (92.9) | 1204 (89.4) | <0.001 |
  Bypass emergency departmentg | 100 (7.8) | 71 (5.8) | 106 (7.1) | 143 (10.6) |  |
 Referral to primary care | 46 (2.7) | 28 (1.8) | 46 (2.5) | 23 (1.5) | 0.041 |
 Stay on scene with initiated/increased social/home care | 12 (0.7) | 15 (1.0) | 32 (1.8) | 40 (2.6) | <0.001 |
 Stay on scene with advice on self-care/medication | 373 (21.9) | 276 (17.8) | 248 (13.7) | 17 2(10.9) | <0.001 |
 ED admission within 72 h | 38 (2.9) | 26 (2.1) | 32 (2.1) | 30 (2.2) | 0.437 |
Mode of transport – n (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.852 |
 Ambulance | 1190 (93.4) | 1148 (93.1) | 1391 (93.6) | 1250 (92.8) |  |
 Patient transport | 10 (0.8) | 21 (1.7) | 49 (3.3) | 61 (4.5) |  |
 Seated transport | 47 (3.7) | 42 (3.4) | 38 (2.6) | 32 (2.4) |  |
 Police | 13 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Own transportation | 14 (1.1) | 15 (1.2) | 8 (0.5) | 4 (0.3) |  |
Management ED – n (%) (3, 1,7,3)a | |||||
 Admitted to in-patient care | 346 (27.2) | 508 (41.2) | 878 (59.4) | 899 (66.9) | < 0.001 |
 Extended examination/interventionh | 262 (20.6) | 198 (16.1) | 171 (11.6) | 143 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
 Lab, drug administration, prescription | 430 (33.8) | 370 (30.0) | 347 (23.5) | 265 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
 Clinical exam/observation only | 124 (9.8) | 76 (6.2) | 48 (3.2) | 27 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
 Patient managed by ED nurse, referral to primary care | 23 (1.8) | 16 (1.3) | 12 (0.8) | 3 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
 Patient leaves without being seen or against medical advice | 86 (6.8) | 64 (5.2) | 23 (1.6) | 7 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
Days of in-patient care – n | |||||
 Mean (SD) | 5.7 (12.0) | 6.5 (10.1) | 8.8 (9.6) | 9.2 (7.3) | < 0.001 |
 Median (25th,75th percentile) | 2 (1,5) | 4 (2,7) | 6 (3,11) | 7 (4,13) | < 0.001 |
Final hospital assessment, ICD-10i – n (%) (140,104,62,38)a | |||||
 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings R00-R99 | 237 (20.9) | 241 (21.3) | 269 (18.9) | 224 (17.1) | 0.030 |
 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes S00-S99, T00-T98 | 261 (23.0) | 204 (18.1) | 215 (15.1) | 248 (18.9) | <0.001 |
 Mental and behavioural disorders F00-F99 | 215 (19.0) | 130 (11.5) | 50 (3.5) | 28 (2.1) | <0.001 |
 Diseases of the circulatory system I00-I99 | 22 (1.9) | 123 (10.9) | 250 (17.6) | 240 (18.3) | <0.001 |
 Disesases of the respiratory system J00-J99 | 39 (3.4) | 62 (5.5) | 174 (12.2) | 143 (10.9) | <0.001 |
 Time-critical diagnosis (140,104,62,38)a | 109 (9.6) | 95 (8.4) | 185 (13.0) | 162 (12.4) | <0.001 |
 Deranged clinical signs/occurrence of complications within 48 hj | 85 (6.7) | 106 (8.6) | 188 (12.7) | 158 (11.7) | <0.001 |
All-cause mortality – n (%) | |||||
 ≤ 7 days | 6 (0.4) | 13 (0.8) | 44 (2.4) | 64 (4.0) | <0.001 |
 ≤ 30 days | 6 (0.4) | 27 (1.7) | 86 (4.7) | 155 (9.8) | <0.001 |
 ≤ 365 days | 21 (1.2) | 85 (5.5) | 319 (17.6) | 501 (31.6) | <0.001 |