Table 1 Characteristics of the twenty studies selected for the review phase of the study and their main results
From: Development of a pre-hospital emergencies protocol for the management of suicidal patients in Iran
Tile | Author/s | Time | Design | Target population | objective | Main points/ result | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolescents’ Engagement with Crisis Hotline Risk-management Services: A Report from the Emergency Department Screen for Teen Suicide Risk (ED-STARS) Study | Busby D., et al [20] | 2019 | RCT | Adolescents | examines the feasibility of a risk-management protocol for adolescent research participants at risk for suicide | majority of youth share information with counselor about one or more coping strategies, Engagement did not vary by gender, race, age, ethnicity, or clinical characteristics | 234 people |
Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide: Synopsis of the 2019 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines | Sall J., et al [21] | 2019 | Practice Guideline | Patients at Risk for Suicide | assessing and managing patients who are at risk for suicide | This synopsis summarizes the key recommendations of the guideline related to screening and evaluation, risk management and treatment, and other management methods | – |
Caring for Suicidal Patients | Brent D., et al [22] | 2019 | Clinical Review | Suicidal Patients | Recommendations to clinicians | there are 7 evidence-based key elements for effectively treating suicidal patients | – |
Management of patients with an advance decision and suicidal behavior: A systematic review | Nowland R., et al [23] | 2019 | systematic review | patients with an advance decision and suicidal behavior | synthesis existing literature on the management of advance decisions and suicidal behavior | Recommendations for practice and supervision for clinicians may help to reduce the variation in clinical practice | – |
Assessing psychiatric safety in suicidal emergency department patients | Brenner J., et al [24] | 2019 | review | suicidal emergency department patients | review assessment tools (Screening tools and psychiatric consultation) and consider ethical issues | Ethical and legal considerations are important, Suicidal patients as well as those who are intoxicated or psychotic may lack capacity and require involuntary treatment | – |
The Role of Emergency Medical Services Providers in Preventing Suicide | Suicide Prevention Resource Center [25] | 2013 | review | Emergency Medical Services Providers | examine the Role of Emergency Medical Services Providers in Preventing Suicide | review all dimensions Role of Emergency Medical Services Providers in Preventing Suicide | – |
Framework for Suicide Risk Assessment and Management | NSW Health [26] | 2004 | review | NSW Health Staff | Provide Framework for Suicide Risk Assessment and Management for NSW Health Staff | Examine Components of a comprehensive suicide risk assessment | – |
Assessment and management of agitation in Psychiatry: Expert consensus | Garriga M., et al [27] | 2016 | Expert consensus | Patient with agitation | A thorough and balanced review plus an expert consensus for guide assessment and treatment decisions | emphasis the importance of identifying any possible medical cause, considering physical restraint as a last resort strategy, Regarding pharmacological treatment, oral or inhaled formulations should be preferred in mildly agitated patients, Intravenous treatments should be avoided | – |
Emergency Responders Management of Patients Who May Have Attempted Suicide | Lipton L.,et al [28] | 2005 | interview | EMS professionals | Assembling of the related topics to the management of Patients Who May Have Attempted Suicide | EMS professionals’ role in managing patients at risk for suicide or who have attempted suicide is critical, people who have made an attempt or who are threatening a lethal attempt are quite at risk for another attempt | – |
Suicide Risk Assessment and Management in the Psychiatry Emergency Service: Psychiatric Provider Experience and Perceptions | Chunduri S., et al [29] | 2019 | Expert panel, thematic analysis | psychiatric providers working in the PES of a large urban teaching hospital | explore suicide risk identification and flow of patients with differing suicide risk through the Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES) to their clinical dispositions | screening tools cannot replace clinical judgment, the existing electronic health record is not efficient and sufficiently informative, competing demands challenge PES psychiatrists, post-discharge patient outcome data are needed | 15 psychiatric providers |
Suicide Risk Assessment and Management | NSW Department Of Health [30] | 2004 | Review | NSW Health Staff | Framework for Suicide Risk Assessment and Management for NSW Health Staff | Examine framework for Suicide Risk Assessment and Management | – |
Managing suicide risk in primary care: Practice recommendations for behavioral health consultants | Jacobs D., et al [31] | 2004 | review | psychiatrist, nurses | 1. Develop processes for accurate psychiatric assessment of patients with suicidal behaviors in various clinical settings. 2. Select appropriate treatment settings for patients with suicidal behaviors based on risk assessment. 3. Identify effective pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions for patients with suicidal behaviors | Past suicide attempts are among the most significant risk factors for suicide, and recent attempts are of particular importance. | |
Treating non suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents: consensus based German guidelines. | Plener P., et al [32] | 2016 | Expert panel | psychiatrist, clinician | Prepare a clinical guide for treatment NSSI | Core elements of psychotherapy should be provided in treatment of NSSI. A specific psychopharmacological therapy of NSSI cannot be recommended | |
The pharmacological management of acute behavioral disturbance: Data from a clinical audit conducted in UK mental health services. | Paton c., et al [33] | 2019 | Data analysis | psychiatrist, clinician | To describe the medication regimens used to manage episodes of acute behavioral disturbance in routine clinical care in mental health services in the UK | Behavioral disturbance involves violence towards others, a combination of parenteral haloperidol and lorazepam is most often used rather recommended. The initial attempt to manage acutely disturbed behavior with parenteral medication may fail to achieve a calming effect in up to one in four episodes | |
Suicidal patients presenting to secondary and tertiary emergency departments and referral to a psychiatrist: A population-based descriptive study from Japan | Chihara I., et al [34] | 2018 | population-based descriptive | Suicidal patients in secondary and tertiary emergency departments in Tochigi prefecture in Japan | describe the characteristics of suicidal patients and the referral rates to a psychiatrist overall and by type of facility | professional organizations suggest that suicidal patients are seen by a psychiatrist, many were not, especially at secondary emergency departments | 81 suicidal patient |
Emergency department management of suicidal adolescents | Kennedy S., et al [35] | 2004 | Review | adolescents with suicidal ideation or attempts | Review the literature for recommendations for the management of adolescents with suicidal ideation or attempts | Hospitalization is recommended for adolescents who have attempted suicide and cannot be adequately monitored and kept safe outside of an inpatient setting. Discharge home can include adolescents who are not actively suicidal, do not have access to lethal methods, and have a supervising adult who can closely monitor their behavior. A mental health evaluation is recommended before emergency department discharge whenever feasible | – |
Emergency Department (ED) Screening for Suicide and Mental Health Risk | Babeva K., et al [36] | 2016 | Review | low-income and minority youths who often lack a regular source of care | review the context in which ED screenings occur, available tools and strategies, and evidence for the effectiveness of tested approaches | developed brief therapeutic assessment approaches have demonstrated success in improving rates of follow-up care after discharge from the EDs. there is some data supporting clinical benefits when youths receive evidence-based outpatient follow-up care. ED screening combined with effective follow-up, may provide one strategy for improving mental health and reducing health disparities | – |
Suicide Prevention in an Emergency Department Population: The ED-SAFE Study | Miller I., et al [37] | 2017 | Clinical trial | Adults with a recent suicide attempt or ideation | Determine whether an ED-initiated intervention reduces subsequent suicidal behavior | Among at-risk patients in the ED, a combination of brief interventions administered both during and after the ED visit decreased post-ED suicidal behavior | 1376 people |
Improving Suicide Risk Screening and Detection in the Emergency Department | Boudreaux E., at al [38] | 2016 | RCT | People with intentional self-harm ideation/behavior | Examine whether universal suicide risk screening is feasible and effective at improving suicide risk detection in the emergency department | Universal suicide risk screening in the ED was feasible and led to a nearly twofold increase in risk detection. identification of risk is the first and necessary step for preventing suicide | 236,791 ED visit records |
Multicomponent Intervention for Patients Admitted to an Emergency Unit for Suicide Attempt: An Exploratory Study | Brovelli S., et al [39] | 2017 | Clinical trial | suicide attempters | Evaluation the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention for suicide attempters admitted to an emergency units | Joint crisis plan and meetings will have to be modified in order to improve their feasibility and acceptability, especially among first-time attempters | 107 people |