Table 3 Associations of various confounders with utilisation of ED diagnostic resources

 Age, per year

1.01

(1.01–1.01)

 Sex, male

1.04

(0.98–1.11)

 Swiss nationality

1.14

(1.07–1.23)

 Private insurance

1.17

(1.07–1.28)

Transport by EMS

1.34

(1.25–1.43)

 Saturday or Sunday admission

0.97

(0.91–1.04)

 Night-time admissions

0.78

(0.74–0.83)

 Effective weekends^a

0.93

(0.87–0.99)

 Effective days off^b

0.98

(0.92–1.05)

 COPD

1.17

(1.02–1.34)

 Diabetes

1.14

(1.04–1.25)

 Liver disease

1.16

(1.03–1.31)

 Dementia

1.51

(1.22–1.87)

 Past myocardial infarction

1.18

(1.07–1.29)

 Malignancy

1.33

(1.22–1.44)

 Peripheral artery disease

1.18

(0.99–1.42)

 Chronic kidney disease

1.21

(1.03–1.41)

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.38

(1.23–1.55)

 On any antidiabetic

1.18

(1.06–1.32)

 On any antithrombotic

1.35

(1.27–1.45)

 On any antihypertensive

1.31

(1.22–1.4)

 On any diuretic

1.33

(1.22–1.46)

 On any antiepileptic

1.04

(0.93–1.17)

 On any psycholeptic

1.15

(1.02–1.29)

  Urgent

1

(base)

  Highly-urgent

1.31

(1. 22–1.39)

 Hospitalisation

1.58

(1.48–1.67)

 30 d revisits

0.97

(0.88–1.06)

 365 d revisits

1.01

(0.95–1.08)

 LOS hospital days

1.02

(1.01–1.02)

 LOS ED hours

1.1

(1.09–1.11)

 ICU admission

1.55

(1.39–1.74)

 In-hospital death

1.46

(1.15–1.85)