Table 3 Clinical characteristics of diabetic with ER visits during the three lunar months (n = 133)
From: The impact of Ramadan on visits related to diabetes emergencies at a tertiary care center
SHAABAN | RAMADAN | SHAWAL | Total | Chi-square | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | N | % | ||||
Type of Antidiabetic medications | OHA | 7 | 12.1% | 1 | 2.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | 6.1 | 12.9 | 0.045* |
Insulin | 39 | 67.2% | 31 | 77.5% | 28 | 84.8% | 98 | 74.8 | |||
Mixed | 11 | 19.0% | 7 | 17.5% | 2 | 6.1% | 20 | 15.3 | |||
None | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 2.5% | 3 | 9.1% | 5 | 3.8 | |||
Total | 58 | 100.0% | 40 | 100.0% | 33 | 100.0% | 131 | 100 | |||
Type of Diabetes | Type I | 15 | 25.4% | 16 | 40.0% | 15 | 45.5% | 46 | 34.8 | 31.48 | 0.001* |
Type II | 42 | 71.2% | 19 | 47.5% | 8 | 24.2% | 69 | 52.3 | |||
GDM | 2 | 3.4% | 1 | 2.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 2.3 | |||
Not Known | 0 | 0.0% | 4 | 10.0% | 10 | 30.3% | 14 | 10.6 | |||
Total | 59 | 100.0% | 40 | 100.0% | 33 | 100.0% | 132 | 100 | |||
Arrival Time at ER | Day shift | 24 | 40.7% | 16 | 40.0% | 9 | 26.5% | 49 | 36.8 | 23.33 | 0.001* |
Evening shift | 26 | 44.1% | 12 | 30.0% | 4 | 11.8% | 42 | 31.6 | |||
Night shift | 9 | 15.3% | 12 | 30.0% | 21 | 61.8% | 42 | 31.6 | |||
Total | 59 | 100.1% | 40 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.1% | 133 | 100 | |||
Precipitating factors | Missed Dose | 12 | 20.3% | 4 | 10.3% | 2 | 6.3% | 18 | 13.8 | 20.51 | 0.025* |
Infection | 15 | 25.4% | 13 | 33.3% | 20 | 62.5% | 48 | 36.9 | |||
No Obvious cause | 16 | 27.1% | 9 | 23.1% | 7 | 21.9% | 32 | 24.6 | |||
First time | 3 | 5.1% | 1 | 2.6% | 1 | 3.1% | 5 | 3.8 | |||
Missed Meal | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 5.1% | 1 | 3.1% | 3 | 2.3 | |||
Ischemia/infarction | 13 | 22.0% | 10 | 25.6% | 1 | 3.1% | 24 | 18.5 | |||
Intra-Abdominal Sepsis | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0 | |||
Total | 59 | 99.9% | 39 | 100.0% | 32 | 100.0% | 130 | 100 | |||
Clinical presentation | Hypoglycemia | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 2.5% | 2 | 5.9% | 4 | 3.0 | 1.355 | 0.852 |
Hyperglycemia | 43 | 72.9% | 29 | 72.5% | 24 | 70.6% | 96 | 72.2 | |||
DKA | 15 | 25.4% | 10 | 25.0% | 8 | 23.5% | 33 | 24.8 | |||
Total | 59 | 100.0% | 40 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.0% | 133 | 100 | |||
Final Diagnosis in the ER | Admitted to hospital | 43 | 72.9% | 20 | 50.0% | 18 | 52.9% | 81 | 60.9 | 11.822 | 0.159 |
Refer to another facility | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 5.0% | 1 | 2.9% | 3 | 2.3 | |||
Rejection of treatment | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 2.9% | 2 | 1.5 | |||
Death | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0 | |||
Discharge from ER | 13 | 22.0% | 18 | 45.0% | 13 | 38.2% | 44 | 33.1 | |||
Admitted to ICU | 2 | 3.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 2.9% | 3 | 2.3 | |||
Admitted to CCU | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0 | |||
Total | 59 | 100.0% | 40 | 100.0% | 34 | 99.8% | 133 | 100 | |||