Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients presenting to the ED, stratified by congestive heart failure, NHAMCS 2014–2016
Unweighted Sample, N (%) | Weighted Sample, N (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | No Congestive heart failure | Congestive heart failure | All | No Congestive heart failure | Congestive heart failure | |
42,832 | 41,106 (96.0) | 1726 (4.0) | 278,699,056 | 267,757,717 (96.1) | 10,941,339 (3.9) | |
Male | 18,469 (43.1) | 17,618 (42.9) | 851 (49.3) | 119,751,766 (43.0) | 114,262,696 (42.7) | 5,489,071 (50.2) |
Age, y | ||||||
18–39 | 17,912 (41.8) | 17,835 (43.4) | 77 (4.5) | 118,068,691 (42.4) | 117,591,074 (43.9) | 477,617 (4.4) |
40–49 | 6662 (15.6) | 6559 (16.0) | 103 (6.0) | 43,185,040 (15.5) | 42,561,872 (15.9) | 623,169 (5.7) |
50–59 | 6707 (15.7) | 6406 (15.6) | 301 (17.4) | 42,679,091 (15.3) | 40,629,523 (15.2) | 2,049,568 (18.7) |
60–74 | 6678 (15.6) | 6165 (15.0) | 513 (29.7) | 43,420,164 (15.6) | 40,300,696 (15.1) | 3,119,467 (28.5) |
> =75 | 4873 (11.4) | 4141 (10.1) | 732 (42.4) | 31,346,071 (11.2) | 26,674,553 (10.0) | 4,671,518 (42.7) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White | 27,251 (63.6) | 26,014 (63.3) | 1237 (71.7) | 175,775,546 (63.1) | 168,129,691 (62.8) | 7,645,855 (69.9) |
Black | 9207 (21.5) | 8857 (21.5) | 350 (20.3) | 62,663,628 (22.5) | 60,262,819 (22.5) | 2,400,808 (21.9) |
Hispanic | 5152 (12.0) | 5038 (12.3) | 114 (6.6) | 33,391,671 (12.0) | 32,679,875 (12.2) | 711,796 (6.5) |
Asian | 804 (1.9) | 793 (1.9) | 11 (0.6) | 4,392,213 (1.6) | 4,299,639 (1.6) | 92,574 (0.8) |
Other | 418 (1.0) | 404 (1.0) | 14 (0.8) | 2,475,999 (0.9) | 2,385,693 (0.9) | 90,306 (0.8) |
Residence type | ||||||
Private residence | 39,819 (95.1) | 38,335 (95.3) | 1484 (88.3) | 258,354,513 (95.3) | 248,844,348 (95.5) | 9,510,164 (89.1) |
Nursing home | 885 (2.1) | 725 (1.8) | 160 (9.5) | 5,875,161 (2.2) | 4,935,676 (1.9) | 939,486 (8.8) |
Homeless | 534 (1.3) | 524 (1.3) | 10 (0.6) | 2,480,109 (0.9) | 2,449,251 (0.9) | 30,858 (0.3) |
Other | 651 (1.6) | 624 (1.6) | 27 (1.6) | 4,501,686 (1.7) | 4,309,055 (1.7) | 192,631 (1.8) |
Insurance type | ||||||
Private insurance | 12,446 (30.8) | 12,274 (31.7) | 172 (10.3) | 79,443,111 (30.5) | 78,392,584 (31.4) | 1,050,526 (10.0) |
Medicare | 10,517 (26.0) | 9331 (24.1) | 1186 (71.1) | 66,956,323 (25.7) | 59,480,378 (23.8) | 7,475,945 (71.0) |
Medicaid or CHIP | 11,148 (27.6) | 10,914 (28.2) | 234 (14.0) | 71,529,605 (27.5) | 69,979,439 (28.0) | 1,550,166 (14.7) |
Uninsured | 4886 (12.1) | 4833 (12.5) | 53 (3.2) | 33,248,283 (12.8) | 32,969,016 (13.2) | 279,267 (2.7) |
Other | 1406 (3.5) | 1382 (3.6) | 24 (1.4) | 9,371,908 (3.6) | 9,204,758 (3.7) | 167,149 (1.6) |
Year | ||||||
2014 | 15,319 (35.8) | 14,710 (35.8) | 609 (35.3) | 90,554,699 (32.5) | 87,207,276 (32.6) | 3,347,423 (30.6) |
2015 | 14,041 (32.8) | 13,456 (32.7) | 585 (33.9) | 89,005,064 (31.9) | 85,124,272 (31.8) | 3,880,792 (35.5) |
2016 | 13,472 (31.5) | 12,940 (31.5) | 532 (30.8) | 99,139,294 (35.6) | 95,426,169 (35.6) | 3,713,125 (33.9) |
Day of Week | ||||||
Sunday | 5622 (13.1) | 5423 (13.2) | 199 (11.5) | 35,918,011 (12.9) | 34,596,685 (12.9) | 1,321,326 (12.1) |
Monday | 6930 (16.2) | 6641 (16.2) | 289 (16.7) | 44,958,717 (16.1) | 43,076,353 (16.1) | 1,882,364 (17.2) |
Tuesday | 6347 (14.8) | 6083 (14.8) | 264 (15.3) | 40,922,676 (14.7) | 39,201,202 (14.6) | 1,721,474 (15.7) |
Wednesday | 6225 (14.5) | 5977 (14.5) | 248 (14.4) | 40,888,226 (14.7) | 39,299,657 (14.7) | 1588,568 (14.5) |
Thursday | 5952 (13.9) | 5711 (13.9) | 241 (14.0) | 39,069,043 (14.0) | 37,527,610 (14.0) | 1,541,433 (14.1) |
Friday | 5960 (13.9) | 5693 (13.8) | 267 (15.5) | 38,869,467 (13.9) | 37,170,488 (13.9) | 1,698,979 (15.5) |
Saturday | 5796 (13.5) | 5578 (13.6) | 218 (12.6) | 38,072,918 (13.7) | 36,885,722 (13.8) | 1,187,196 (10.9) |
Arrive by ambulance | 7729 (18.5) | 7023 (17.6) | 706 (41.8) | 49,769,047 (18.3) | 45,250,252 (17.3) | 4,518,795 (42.1) |
Seen within last 72 h | 1914 (4.9) | 1835 (4.9) | 79 (5.0) | 11,953,039 (4.8) | 11,584,897 (4.8) | 368,142 (3.7) |
Pain level | ||||||
No pain | 7711 (24.4) | 7216 (23.7) | 495 (41.0) | 46,478,004 (23.1) | 43,617,929 (22.6) | 2,860,075 (37.4) |
Mild | 2916 (9.2) | 2827 (9.3) | 89 (7.4) | 18,235,636 (9.1) | 17,613,003 (9.1) | 622,633 (8.1) |
Moderate | 9430 (29.8) | 9146 (30.0) | 284 (23.5) | 60,509,861 (30.1) | 58,733,139 (30.4) | 1,776,722 (23.2) |
Severe | 11,602 (36.6) | 11,262 (37.0) | 340 (28.1) | 75,762,102 (37.7) | 73,367,325 (37.9) | 2,394,777 (31.3) |
Temperature | ||||||
36 °C–38 °C | 38,083 (94.6) | 36,621 (94.7) | 1462 (92.2) | 249,171,894 (95.1) | 239,846,217 (95.1) | 9,325,676 (93.2) |
< =36 °C | 1522 (3.8) | 1429 (3.7) | 93 (5.9) | 9,089,224 (3.5) | 8,547,754 (3.4) | 541,470 (5.4) |
> 38 °C | 635 (1.6) | 605 (1.6) | 30 (1.9) | 3,863,922 (1.5) | 3,723,158 (1.5) | 140,763 (1.4) |
Heart Rate, times/min | ||||||
< =90 | 28,489 (66.5) | 27,286 (66.4) | 1203 (69.7) | 184,822,552 (66.3) | 177,061,313 (66.1) | 7,761,239 (70.9) |
90–100 | 7169 (16.7) | 6930 (16.9) | 239 (13.8) | 46,314,663 (16.6) | 44,873,977 (16.8) | 1,440,686 (13.2) |
100–110 | 3906 (9.1) | 3773 (9.2) | 133 (7.7) | 25,427,295 (9.1) | 24,645,034 (9.2) | 782,261 (7.1) |
110–120 | 1988 (4.6) | 1900 (4.6) | 88 (5.1) | 13,118,183 (4.7) | 12,537,614 (4.7) | 580,569 (5.3) |
> 120 | 1280 (3.0) | 1217 (3.0) | 63 (3.7) | 9,016,363 (3.2) | 8,639,779 (3.2) | 376,583 (3.4) |
DBP mm Hg | ||||||
60–80 | 19,358 (45.2) | 18,560 (45.2) | 798 (46.2) | 125,677,278 (45.1) | 120,623,428 (45.0) | 5,053,850 (46.2) |
< 60 | 4312 (10.1) | 3965 (9.6) | 347 (20.1) | 26,198,088 (9.4) | 23,931,635 (8.9) | 2,266,453 (20.7) |
> 80 | 19,162 (44.7) | 18,581 (45.2) | 581 (33.7) | 126,823,690 (45.5) | 123,202,654 (46.0) | 3,621,036 (33.1) |
SBP mm Hg | ||||||
80–120 | 9773 (22.8) | 9322 (22.7) | 451 (26.1) | 61,351,488 (22.0) | 58,394,721 (21.8) | 2,956,767 (27.0) |
< 80 | 1588 (3.7) | 1513 (3.7) | 75 (4.3) | 9,419,022 (3.4) | 9,005,031 (3.4) | 413,990 (3.8) |
> 120 | 31,471 (73.5) | 30,271 (73.6) | 1200 (69.5) | 207,928,547 (74.6) | 200,357,965 (74.8) | 7,570,582 (69.2) |
Census Region | ||||||
Northeast | 7176 (16.8) | 6937 (16.9) | 239 (13.8) | 43,967,048 (15.8) | 42,383,250 (15.8) | 1,583,797 (14.5) |
Midwest | 10,893 (25.4) | 10,343 (25.2) | 550 (31.9) | 74,304,118 (26.7) | 71,017,621 (26.5) | 3,286,496 (30.0) |
South | 15,430 (36.0) | 14,760 (35.9) | 670 (38.8) | 105,760,507 (37.9) | 101,247,049 (37.8) | 4,513,457 (41.3) |
West | 9333 (21.8) | 9066 (22.1) | 267 (15.5) | 54,667,385 (19.6) | 53,109,796 (19.8) | 1,557,589 (14.2) |
This visit is related to | ||||||
Injury/trauma | 12,286 (30.1) | 12,006 (30.7) | 280 (17.1) | 78,178,483 (29.5) | 76,464,334 (30.0) | 1,714,149 (16.6) |
Overdose/poisoning | 499 (1.2) | 490 (1.3) | 9 (0.5) | 3,358,380 (1.3) | 3,313,963 (1.3) | 44,417 (0.4) |
Adverse effect of medical/surgical treatment | 1099 (2.7) | 1038 (2.7) | 61 (3.7) | 7,170,683 (2.7) | 6,768,702 (2.7) | 401,982 (3.9) |
Visit not related to any above | 26,692 (65.4) | 25,413 (64.9) | 1279 (78.1) | 174,903,611 (66.0) | 166,770,439 (65.4) | 8,133,172 (78.6) |
Questionable injury status | 214 (0.5) | 206 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) | 1,546,669 (0.6) | 1,494,095 (0.6) | 52,574 (0.5) |