Table 2 Clinical characteristics on admission to emergency department
All AHF, n = 500 | EMS- patients, n = 309 | Non-EMS- patients, n = 191 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vital signs | Missing (n) | Missing(n) | Missing (n) | ||||
SBP < 100 mmHg, n (%) | 27 (5.5) | 18 (5.9) | 9 (4.8) | 0.597 | |||
SBP > 140 mmHg, n (%) | 243 (49.3) | 146 (47.9) | 97 (51.6) | 0.421 | |||
SBP (mmHg) | 140 (120–159) | 140 (120–156) | 143 (122–162) | 0.285 | |||
DBP (mmHg) | 80 (66–91) | 80 (66–92) | 80 (67–90) | 0.801 | |||
Heart rate (bpm) | 88 (75–110) | 90 (75–110) | 85 (75–104) | 0.115 | |||
Heart rate > 100 bpm, n (%) | 160 (32.5) | 111 (36.4) | 49 (26.2) | 0.019 | |||
Hear rate > 120 bpm, n (%) | 52 (10.6) | 38 (12.5) | 14 (7.5) | 0.082 | |||
Respiratory rate, (per min) | 22 (18–28) | 24 (19–30) | 21 (18–26) | 0.014 | |||
Respiratory rate > 30/min, n (%) | 55 (13.3) | 89 (17.8) | 43 (17.1) | 58 (18.8) | 12 (7.5) | 30 (15.7) | 0.005 |
SpO2 (%) with supplementary O2 | 94 (90–97) | 94 (90–97) | 94 (89–96) | 0.569 | |||
SpO2 < 90% with supplementary O2, n (%) | 118 (24.5) | 71 (23.7) | 47 (25.8) | 0.607 | |||
Temperature (°C) | 36.5 (36.0–36.9) | 36.5 (36.0–37.0) | 36.5 (36.0–36.8) | 0.262 | |||
Clinical signs, n (%) | |||||||
Rales on auscultation | 346 (71.8) | 228 (76.8) | 118 (63.8) | 0.002 | |||
Wheezing on auscultation | 87 (19.7) | 58 (11.6) | 62 (23.1) | 41 (13.2) | 25 (14.4) | 17 (8.9) | 0.024 |
Peripheral oedema | 273 (56.2) | 173 (58.1) | 100 (53.2) | 0.293 | |||
Jugular vein distension | 110 (25.1) | 62 (12.4) | 72 (27.4) | 46 (14.9) | 38 (21.7) | 16 (8.4) | 0.181 |
Confusion | 47 (9.6) | 43 (14.2) | 4 (2.1) | < 0.001 | |||
Laboratory parameters | |||||||
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 3661 (1328–10,377) | 381 (76.2) | 5144 (1846–11205) | 223 (72.2) | 2103 (688–5167) | 155 (81.2) | 0.001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 101 (78–136) | 107 (77–137) | 94 (80–131) | 0.751 | |||
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138 (136–141) | 138 (135–141) | 138 (136–141) | 0.476 | |||
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 (4.0–4.8) | 4.3 (4.0–4.8) | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 0.243 | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 10 (4–30) | 13 (5–41) | 8 (3–20) | 0.003 | |||
pH | 7.40 (7.34–7.45) | 7.38 (7.32–7.44) | 7.43 (7.37–7.46) | 0.001 | |||
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 38.0 (31.6–45.5) | 39.2 (31.5–46.0) | 36.0 (32.0–43.1) | 0.296 | |||
White cell count (109/L) | 9.0 (7.0–11.5) | 9.0 (7.0–13.0) | 8.8 (6.8–10.2) | 0.070 | |||
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.3 (10.7–13.9) | 12.2 (10.6–13.7) | 12.3 (10.7–14.0) | 0.626 | |||
Haemoglobin < 100 g/L, n (%) | 58 (12.9) | 51 (10.2) | 38 (13.8) | 33 (10.7) | 20 (11.6) | 18 (9.4) | 0.497 |