Table 1 Baseline characteristics of isolated TBI patients by year
From: Nationwide improvements in geriatric mortality due to traumatic brain injury in Japan
|  | Total | 2004–2006 | 2007–2009 | 2010–2012 | 2013–2015 | 2016–2018 | p for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 28,015 | N = 657 | N = 2668 | N = 5878 | N = 9572 | N = 9240 | |||
Age | Median (IQR), years | 78 (72–83) | 74 (69–80) | 76 (70–81) | 77 (71–83) | 78 (72–84) | 79 (72–84) | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 10,294 (36.7%) | 331 (50.4%) | 1154 (43.3%) | 2270 (38.6%) | 3455 (36.1%) | 3084 (33.4%) | < 0.001 | |
75–84 | 11,753 (42.0%) | 250 (38.1%) | 1089 (40.8%) | 2498 (42.5%) | 4059 (42.4%) | 3857 (41.7%) | 0.323 | |
85- | 5968 (21.3%) | 76 (11.6%) | 425 (15.9%) | 1110 (18.9%) | 2058 (21.5%) | 2299 (24.9%) | < 0.001 | |
Sex | Male, n(%) | 17,124 (61.1%) | 399 (60.7%) | 1639 (61.4%) | 3595 (61.2%) | 5880 (61.4%) | 5611 (60.7%) | 0.580 |
Type of trauma | Blunt, n(%) | 27,111 (96.8%) | 625 (95.1%) | 2563 (96.1%) | 5638 (95.9%) | 9290 (97.1%) | 8995 (97.3%) | < 0.001 |
Mechanism of trauma | Traffic accident, n(%) | 7107 (25.4%) | 242 (36.8%) | 899 (33.7%) | 1581 (26.9%) | 2325 (24.3%) | 2060 (22.3%) | < 0.001 |
Fall, n(%) | 18,582 (66.3%) | 336 (51.1%) | 1528 (57.3%) | 3782 (64.3%) | 6497 (67.9%) | 6439 (69.7%) | < 0.001 | |
Others, n(%) | 2326 (8.3%) | 79 (12.0%) | 241 (9.0%) | 515 (8.8%) | 750 (7.8%) | 741 (8.0%) | 0.001 | |
Cause of trauma | Accident, n(%) | 25,497 (91.0%) | 592 (90.1%) | 2379 (89.2%) | 5325 (90.6%) | 8761 (91.5%) | 8440 (91.3%) | 0.001 |
Transfer system | Ambulance, n(%) | 23,283 (83.1%) | 570 (86.8%) | 2280 (85.5%) | 4933 (83.9%) | 7898 (82.5%) | 7602 (82.3%) | < 0.001 |
Physician staffed ambulance/helicopter, n(%) | 2191 (7.8%) | 35 (5.3%) | 161 (6.0%) | 398 (6.8%) | 792 (8.3%) | 805 (8.7%) | < 0.001 | |
Others, n(%) | 2541 (9.1%) | 52 (7.9%) | 227 (8.5%) | 547 (9.3%) | 882 (9.2%) | 833 (9.0%) | 0.505 | |
GCS at arrival | Median (IQR) | 14 (10–15) | 13 (7–15) | 13 (8–15) | 14 (9–15) | 14 (10–15) | 14 (11–15) | < 0.001 |
Mild, n(%) | 15,582 (55.6%) | 284 (43.2%) | 1263 (47.3%) | 3163 (53.8%) | 5449 (56.9%) | 5423 (58.7%) | < 0.001 | |
Moderate, n(%) | 6316 (22.5%) | 167 (25.4%) | 697 (26.1%) | 1379 (23.5%) | 2063 (21.6%) | 2010 (21.8%) | < 0.001 | |
Severe, n(%) | 6117 (21.8%) | 206 (31.4%) | 708 (26.5%) | 1336 (22.7%) | 2060 (21.5%) | 1807 (19.6%) | < 0.001 | |
Systolic BPa | Median (IQR), mmHg | 156 (135–177) | 160 (138–180) | 157.5 (136–180) | 156 (135–177) | 155 (134–176) | 157 (137–178) | < 0.001 |
Hypotension on arrival, n(%) | 647 (2.3%) | 24 (3.7%) | 86 (3.2%) | 138 (2.3%) | 219 (2.3%) | 180 (1.9%) | 0.930 | |
Anticoagulant/platelet | n(%) | 1379 (4.9%) | 9 (1.4%) | 62 (2.3%) | 207 (3.5%) | 457 (4.8%) | 644 (7.0%) | < 0.001 |
Major comorbidity | n(%) | 8019 (28.6%) | 295 (44.9%) | 928 (34.8%) | 1820 (31.0%) | 2666 (27.9%) | 2310 (25.0%) | < 0.001 |
Max head AIS | 3, n(%) | 8419 (30.1%) | 176 (26.8%) | 797 (29.9%) | 1708 (29.1%) | 2870 (30.0%) | 2868 (31.0%) | 0.006 |
4, n(%) | 12,708 (45.4%) | 255 (38.8%) | 1125 (42.2%) | 2679 (45.6%) | 4396 (45.9%) | 4253 (46.0%) | < 0.001 | |
5, n(%) | 6888 (24.6%) | 226 (34.4%) | 746 (28.0%) | 1491 (25.4%) | 2306 (24.1%) | 2119 (22.9%) | < 0.001 | |
ISS | Median (IQR) | 16 (13–24) | 17 (14–25) | 16 (13–25) | 16 (14–25) | 16 (13–24) | 16 (13–24) | < 0.001 |
Operation for TBI | n(%) | 4934 (17.6%) | 164 (25.0%) | 550 (20.6%) | 1131 (19.2%) | 1705 (17.8%) | 1384 (15.0%) | < 0.001 |