Table 2 Baseline characteristics of severe multiple trauma patients by year
From: Nationwide improvements in geriatric mortality due to traumatic brain injury in Japan
|  | Total | 2004–2006 | 2007–2009 | 2010–2012 | 2013–2015 | 2016–2018 | p for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 9978 | N = 248 | N = 1050 | N = 2152 | N = 3356 | N = 3172 | |||
Age | Median (IQR), years | 76 (70–82) | 73 (69–79.5) | 74.5 (70–80) | 76 (70–81) | 76 (71–82) | 77 (71–83) | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 4311 (43.2%) | 134 (54.0%) | 525 (50.0%) | 942 (43.8%) | 1444 (43.0%) | 1266 (39.9%) | < 0.001 | |
75–84 | 4077 (40.9%) | 95 (38.3%) | 398 (37.9%) | 876 (40.7%) | 1366 (40.7%) | 1342 (42.3%) | 0.013 | |
85- | 1590 (15.9%) | 19 (7.7%) | 127 (12.1%) | 334 (15.5%) | 546 (16.3%) | 564 (17.8%) | < 0.001 | |
Sex | Male, n(%) | 6056 (60.7%) | 156 (62.9%) | 646 (61.5%) | 1281 (59.5%) | 2051 (61.1%) | 1922 (60.6%) | 0.819 |
Type of trauma | Blunt, n(%) | 9837 (98.6%) | 240 (96.8%) | 1035 (98.6%) | 2124 (98.7%) | 3309 (98.6%) | 3129 (98.6%) | 0.295 |
Mechanism of trauma | Traffic accident, n(%) | 5544 (55.6%) | 174 (70.2%) | 653 (62.2%) | 1269 (59.0%) | 1854 (55.2%) | 1594 (50.3%) | < 0.001 |
Fall, n(%) | 3887 (39.0%) | 57 (23.0%) | 330 (31.4%) | 769 (35.7%) | 1324 (39.5%) | 1407 (44.4%) | < 0.001 | |
Others, n(%) | 547 (5.5%) | 17 (6.9%) | 67 (6.4%) | 114 (5.3%) | 178 (5.3%) | 171 (5.4%) | 0.250 | |
Cause of trauma | Accident, n(%) | 9100 (91.2%) | 232 (93.5%) | 953 (90.8%) | 1966 (91.4%) | 3065 (91.3%) | 2884 (90.9%) | 0.498 |
Transfer system | Ambulance, n(%) | 7572 (75.9%) | 212 (85.5%) | 841 (80.1%) | 1655 (76.9%) | 2523 (75.2%) | 2341 (73.8%) | < 0.001 |
Physician staffed ambulance/helicopter, n(%) | 2140 (21.4%) | 26 (10.5%) | 165 (15.7%) | 446 (20.7%) | 746 (22.2%) | 757 (23.9%) | < 0.001 | |
Others, n(%) | 266 (2.7%) | 10 (4.0%) | 44 (4.2%) | 51 (2.4%) | 87 (2.6%) | 74 (2.3%) | 0.007 | |
GCS at arrival | Median (IQR) | 13 (7–14) | 9.5 (4–14) | 12 (6–14) | 13 (7–14) | 13 (7–14) | 13 (7–15) | < 0.001 |
Mild, n(%) | 4328 (43.4%) | 77 (31.0%) | 404 (38.5%) | 873 (40.6%) | 1488 (44.3%) | 1486 (46.8%) | < 0.001 | |
Moderate, n(%) | 2509 (25.1%) | 55 (22.2%) | 254 (24.2%) | 565 (26.3%) | 835 (24.9%) | 800 (25.2%) | 0.656 | |
Severe, n(%) | 3141 (31.5%) | 116 (46.8%) | 392 (37.3%) | 714 (33.2%) | 1033 (30.8%) | 886 (27.9%) | < 0.001 | |
Systolic BPa | Median (IQR), mmHg | 134 (106–160) | 123 (97–154) | 129 (100–156) | 132 (102–158) | 134 (107–160) | 136 (110–162) | < 0.001 |
Hypotension on arrival, n(%) | 1583 (15.9%) | 52 (21.0%) | 216 (20.6%) | 378 (17.6%) | 508 (15.1%) | 429 (13.5%) | < 0.001 | |
Anticoagulant/platelet | n(%) | 289 (2.9%) | 4 (1.6%) | 16 (1.5%) | 48 (2.2%) | 91 (2.7%) | 130 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
Major comorbidity | n(%) | 4001 (40.1%) | 139 (56.0%) | 503 (47.9%) | 935 (43.4%) | 1329 (39.6%) | 1095 (34.5%) | < 0.001 |
Max head AIS | 3, n(%) | 3770 (37.8%) | 92 (37.1%) | 401 (38.2%) | 792 (36.8%) | 1303 (38.8%) | 1182 (37.3%) | 0.982 |
4, n(%) | 3813 (38.2%) | 67 (27.0%) | 370 (35.2%) | 824 (38.3%) | 1293 (38.5%) | 1259 (39.7%) | < 0.001 | |
5, n(%) | 2395 (24.0%) | 89 (35.9%) | 279 (26.6%) | 536 (24.9%) | 760 (22.6%) | 731 (23.0%) | < 0.001 | |
ISS | Median (IQR) | 29 (25–38) | 34 (25–41) | 32 (25–41) | 32 (25–41) | 29 (25–38) | 29 (25–38) | < 0.001 |
Operation for TBI | n(%) | 1207 (12.1%) | 38 (15.3%) | 142 (13.5%) | 274 (12.7%) | 399 (11.9%) | 354 (11.2%) | 0.005 |
Surgical intervention for other region injury | n(%) | 9932 (99.5%) | 248 (100.0%) | 1046 (99.6%) | 2142 (99.5%) | 3342 (99.6%) | 3154 (99.4%) | 0.246 |