Table 2 Comparisons between facial burn patients with and without inhalation injuries

Demographics

  Age

37.4 ± 13.4

41.6 ± 20.1

0.071

  Male

51 (69.9%)

207 (79.0%)

0.841^‡

Types of burn (N, %)

0.099^‡

  Flame burn 194

40 (54.8%)

154 (58.8%)

  Scald burn 50

11 (15.1%)

39 (14.9%)

  Chemical burn 63

14 (19.2%)

49 (18.7%)

  Electrical burn 28

6 (8.2%)

22 (8.4%)

TBSA (%)

31.5 ± 18.1

12.1 ± 6.4

 < 0.001

Condition upon ED arrival

  SBP (mmHg)

150.8 ± 39.6

156.2 ± 31.4

0.094

  Pulse (/minute)

98.4 ± 19.5

94.8 ± 23.4

0.777

  RR (/minute)

20.0 ± 1.4

20.3 ± 2.5

0.308

  Temperature (°C)

36.4 ± 0.5

36.4 ± 0.6

1.000

  GCS

13.8 ± 4.8

14.5 ± 2.6

 < 0.001

  RTS

7.5 ± 0.8

7.8 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

Laboratory examinations and imaging studies

  pH

7.3 ± 0.4

7.4 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

  PaCO₂ (mmHg)

39.2 ± 12.7

36.5 ± 7.0

0.047

  HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)

20.5 ± 4.4

23.1 ± 4.2

 < 0.001

  SaO₂ (%)

88.8 ± 12.5

95.5 ± 39.8

0.290

  HbCO (%)

3.6 ± 2.1

2.5 ± 1.9

0.023

Positive physical examination

  Nostril hair (N, %)

29 (39.7%)

49 (18.7%)

 < 0.001^‡

  Eye (N, %)

17 (23.3%)

49 (18.7%)

0.384^‡

  Hair (N, %)

17 (23.3%)

39 (14.9%)

0.089^‡

  Cough (N, %)

3 (4.1%)

6 (2.3%)

0.395^‡

  Sore throat (N, %)

2 (2.7%)

7 (2.7%)

0.975^‡

  Hoarseness (N, %)

7 (9.6%)

4 (1.5%)

0.010^‡

  Dysphagia (N, %)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.4%)

1.000^‡

  Shortness of breath (N, %)

16 (21.9%)

12 (4.6%)

 < 0.001^‡

  Positive CXR (N, %)

39 (53.4%)

73 (27.9%)

 < 0.001^‡

  Exposure to smoke (N, %)

14 (19.2%)

21 (8.0%)

0.011^‡