Table 4 The clinical and imaging findings of the patients with positive contrast agent pooling sign
From: Contrast Agent Pooling (C.A.P.) sign and imminent cardiac arrest: a retrospective study
Case | Gender | Age | Diagnosis | CT Findings | Timing of Cardiac arrest (after CT scan) | Survival to Discharge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 66 | Lymphoma with leukostasis | Contrast agent layering in hepatic vein; poor perfusion of spleen and kidneys | 1-h 40-min | N |
2 | M | 76 | Cardiac tamponade, pneumonia | Contrast agent layering in IVC; massive pericardial effusion; bilateral lung consolidations and pleural effusion | 5-h 15-min | N |
3 | M | 81 | Abdominal aortic aneurysm, rupture | Contrast agent pooling in IVC and renal veins; infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture with moderate hemoperitoneum | immediate | N |
4 | F | 85 | Ribs fracture with hemopneumothorax, pelvic fracture | Contrast agent pooling in IVC and hepatic veins; multiple ribs fracture with effusion; pelvic fracture with retroperitoneal bleeding | 7-min | N |
5 | M | 66 | Spleen laceration with internal bleeding | Contrast agent pooling in IVC and hepatic veins; massive hemoperitoneum | 53-min | N |
6 | M | 77 | Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, lung contusion | Contrast agent pooling and layering in IVC; ground glass opacities over bilateral lungs | 8-h | N |
7 | M | 85 | Aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade | Contrast agent pooling in IVC, right renal veins and right dependent part of liver and hepatic veins; Contrast agent layering in SVC; type A aortic dissection with hemopericardium | 12-min | N |
8 | M | 59 | Acute myocardial infarction | Contrast agent layering in IVC; poor contrast enhancement of left ventricular wall | 25-min | N |
9 | M | 63 | Acute myocardial infarction | Contrast agent pooling in IVC; poor contrast enhancement of left ventricular wall | 12-min | N |
10 | M | 50 | Severe metabolic acidosis | Contrast agent pooling and layering in IVC; contrast agent pooling in hepatic veins | 56-min | N |
11 | F | 57 | Corrosive injury of upper gastrointestinal tract | Contrast agent pooling in IVC and hepatic veins; extensive wall swelling of esophagus, stomach, duodenum with poor contrast enhancement | 1-h 20-min | N |