Table 4 Determinants of time (in minutes) to intravenous fluid administration in patients with sepsis in the emergency department

Age

5-year increase

5.74 (3.3 to 8.19)

5.17 (2.72 to 7.62)

4.9 (2.5 to 7.3)

 < 0.001

Men

vs Women

0.88 (-19.5 to 21.3)

11.94 (-8.1 to 31.9)

Triage Category

 3–5

1.0 (Ref)

1.0 (Ref)

1.0 (Ref)

 1

-105.79 (-143.2 to -68.3)

-101.71 (-141.1 to -62.3)

-101.22 (-131.2 to-59.3)

 < 0.001

 2

-50.02 (-69.6 to -30.4)

-42.59 (-62.6 to -22.6)

-43.58 (-63.1 to-9.6)

 < 0.001

mSOFA score

1- unit increase

-3.66 (-9.8 to -2.4)

3.15 (-5.75 to 12.1)

5.9 (-0.69 to13.5)

0.524

Lactate

1 mmol/L increase

-14.11 (-19.6 to -8.7)

-8.15 (-14.8 to -1.9)

-9.0 (-15.7 to -2.3)

 < 0.001

Charlson Comorbidity Score

1-unit increase

8.88 (0.83 to 16.92)

4.59 (-2.93 to 12.7)

Septic Shock

Yes

Vs No

-83.21 (-112.7 to -54.4)

-41.04 (-75.4 to -6.6)

-49.37 (-86.4 to -12.4)

 < 0.001

ICU admission

Yes

-10.99 (-42.5 to 20.5)

10.29 (-22.4 to -43.0)

0.69 (-31.6 to -33.0)

0.159

Presentation hour

 0700-1500 h

1.0 (Ref)

1.0 (Ref)

1.0 (Ref)

 1500-2300 h

15.01 (-6.8 to 36.9)

19.53 (-1.4 to 40.5)

 2300-0700 h

0.02 (-31.8 to 31.9)

7.59 (-23.0 to 38.1)

Lowest Systolic BP

5-mm Hg increase

32.21 (20.07 to 44.35)

12.86 (-1.17 to 26.89)

15.13 (1.45 to 28.81)

0.001

On Immunosuppressants

Yes

vs No

-59.47 (-205.3 to 86.4)

-128.1 (-278.9 to 22.7)

-85.02 (-213.9 to 43.9)

0.186

On Steroids

Yes

vs No

53.03 (-21.6 to 127.6)

63.24 (-14.1 to 140.6)

Antibiotic administration time

1-h increase

3.04 (2.2 to 3.9)

2.14 (1.3 to 3.0)

2.25 (1.4 to 3.1)

 < 0.001

Hospital Sites

Smaller Hospitals

vs larger hospitals

-58.85 (-78.2 to -39.5)

-68.56 (-88.2 to -48.9)

-74.61 (-94.0 to -55.3)

 < 0.001

Clinical Rapid Response Alert Activated

1- unit increase

-41.03 (-62.6 to -19.5)

-3.26 (-30.8 to 24.3)

3.05 (-21.5 to 27.6)

0.808

R Squared

0.10

N = 1946