Table 1 Pre-intubation characteristics and univariate Cox proportional-hazards regression for associations between pre-intubation characteristics and 28-day mortality
Characteristics | Survivor (n = 238) | Non-survivor (n = 106) | p-value | HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year), mean ± SD | 70.3 ± 15.6 | 67.1 ± 15.1 | 0.061 | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) |
Female, n (%) | 108 (45.4) | 49 (46.2) | 0.975 | 1.01 (0.69,1.47) |
Body Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 58.7 ± 17.8 (Missing n = 8) | 59.1 ± 12.1 (Missing n = 16) | 0.865 | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) |
Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 91 (38.2) | 42 (39.6) | 0.887 | 1.03 (0.70,1.52) |
Coronary artery disease | 53 (22.3) | 91 (14.2) | 0.109 | 0.64 (0.37,1.11) |
Chronic kidney disease | 99 (41.6) | 41 (38.7) | 0.613 | 0.90 (0.61,1.34) |
Immunocompromised state | 41 (17.2) | 26 (24.5) | 0.081 | 1.48 (0.95,2.31) |
Chronic lung disease | 75 (31.5) | 17 (16.0) | 0.004 | 0.47 (0.28,0.79) |
Cirrhosis | 24 (10.1) | 23 (21.7) | 0.008 | 1.88 (1.18,2.98) |
Cancer | 17 (7.1) | 18 (17.0) | 0.010 | 1.95 (1.17,3.24) |
Steroid or herbal use within 3 months, n (%) | 59 (24.8) | 23 (21.7) | 0.601 | 0.88 (0.56,1.40) |
History of adrenal insufficiency, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 2 (1.9) | 0.498 | 1.62 (0.40,6.58) |
Concurrent oral steroid use, n (%) | 26 (10.9) | 12 (11.3) | 0.731 | 1.11 (0.61,2.03) |
Major sources of infection, n (%) | ||||
Central nervous system | 4 (1.7) | 3 (2.8) | 0.412 | 1.62 (0.51,5.10) |
Respiratory system | 168 (70.6) | 52 (49.1) | < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.33,0.71) |
Intra-abdominal source | 17 (7.1) | 13 (12.3) | 0.116 | 1.59 (0.89,2.85) |
Genito-urinary system | 29 (12.2) | 18 (17.0) | 0.343 | 1.28 (0.77,2.12) |
Unknown | 5 (2.1) | 8 (7.5) | 0.005 | 2.79 (1.36,5.74) |
Surgical conditions, n (%) | 17 (7.1) | 11 (10.4) | 0.248 | 1.45 (0.77,2.70) |
Presence of hypotension before intubation, n (%) | 47 (19.7) | 31 (29.2) | 0.061 | 1.49 (0.98,2.27) |
Pre-intubation lactate level (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 3.9 (n = 95) | 9.8 ± 7.7 (n = 68) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.07,1.14) |
Lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L, n (%) | 44 (46.3) | 51 (73.9) | < 0.001 | 2.66 (1.55,4.56) |
Corticosteroids prescription for any reasons before intubation, n (%) | 42 (17.6) | 11 (10.4) | 0.111 | 0.60 (0.32,1.12) |
Etomidate (mg), mean ± SD | 12.3 ± 2.3 (Missing n = 1) | 12.4 ± 2.3 (Missing n = 1) | 0.622 | 1.02 (0.94,1.11) |
Etomidate (mg/kg), mean ± SD | 0.22 ± 0.05 (Missing n = 9) | 0.22 ± 0.05 (Missing n = 17) | 0.847 | 1.49 (0.03,85.88) |