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Table 1 Primary and secondary outcomes by the type of airway during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

From: Compromised cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality due to regurgitation during endotracheal intubation: a randomised crossover manikin simulation study

Outcomes

Oropharyngeal regurgitation

Clean airway

P

The first CPR-intubation sequence

  Number of EMT-P

54

54

 

  CCF (%), median (IQR)a

79.6 (73.9–85.0)

85.1 (81.8–90.0)

 < 0.001

  Compression depth (cm), median (IQR)a

5.2 (4.9–5.4)

5.4 (5.1–5.6)

 < 0.001

  Compression rate (bpm), median (IQR)a

102.0 (95.0–106.0)

102.0 (98.0–105.0)

0.295

  The longest interruption (second), median (IQR)a

4.0 (3.0–6.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

 < 0.001

  Intubation time (second), median (IQR)a

13.0 (8.0–16.0)

10.0 (7.0–14.0)

0.141

  Successful intubation, n (%)b

19 (35.2)

43 (79.6)

 < 0.001

  Esophageal intubation, n

0

1

 

The second CPR-intubation sequence

  Number of EMT-P

35

10

 

  CCF (%), median (IQR)c

80.0 (68.6–85.0)

84.5 (75.0–90.0)

0.104

  Compression depth (cm), median (IQR)c

5.2 (4.9–5.4)

5.3 (5.0–5.5)

0.387

  Compression rate (bpm), median (IQR)c

101.0 (95.3–105.0)

100.5 (95.0–104.0)

0.827

  The longest interruption (second), median (IQR)c

4.0 (3.0–7.0)

4.0 (2.0–5.0)

0.240

  Intubation time (second), median (IQR)c

12.0 (9.0–17.8)

11.5 (11.0–14.0)

0.784

  Successful intubation, n (%)d

16 (45.7)

6 (60.0)

0.431

  Esophageal intubation, n

1

1

 

The third CPR-intubation sequence

  Number of EMT-P

18

3

 

  CCF (%), median (IQR) c

77.3 (66.7–81.8)

84.2 (79.0–88.9)

0.159

  Compression depth (cm), median (IQR)c

5.0 (4.8–5.5)

4.8 (4.8–5.0)

0.264

  Compression rate (bpm), median (IQR)c

97.5 (94.0–104.0)

104.0 (97.3–107.8)

0.450

  The longest interruption (second), median (IQR)c

6.0 (5.0–8.0)

3.0 (2.3–5.3)

0.093

  Intubation time (second), median (IQR)c

16.5 (14.0–20.0)

9.0 (6.0–10.5)

0.010

  Successful intubation, n (%)d

9 (50.0)

3 (100.0)

0.114

  Esophageal intubation, n

2

0

 

Failure of all three CPR-intubation sequences

7 (13.0)

0 (0)

0.006

  1. Abbreviation: EMT-P emergency medical technician-paramedic, CCF chest compression fraction, IQR interquartile range, bpm beats per minute
  2. a Wilcoxon rank sum test
  3. b McNemar test
  4. c Mann–Whitney U test
  5. d Pearson's chi-squared test