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Table 1 Comparison of variables between patients without and with primary outcome occurrence

From: Effect of intermediate/high versus low dose heparin on the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in the emergency department

Variable

All patients

Without primary outcome

With primary outcome

p

Patients (n)

144

96

48

 

General clinical characteristics

 Age (years)

70 ± 13

68 ± 13

75 ± 12

0.002

 Female sex (n (%))

48 (33)

31 (32)

17 (35)

0.712

 Past or active smoker (n (%))

13 (9.0)

11 (11)

2 (4.2)

0.220

 Comorbidities (n (%)):

  • Obesity

46 (32)

31 (32)

15 (31)

0.999

  • Hypertension

88 (61)

54 (56)

34 (71)

0.105

  • Diabetes

33 (23)

17 (18)

16 (33)

0.057

  • Neoplasia

7 (4.9)

6 (6.3)

1 (2.1)

0.425

  • Past coronary artery disease

18 (13)

11 (11)

7 (15)

0.601

  • Past cerebrovascular disease

9 (6.3)

5 (5.2)

4 (8.3)

0.482

  • Chronic kidney disease

59 (41)

33 (34)

26 (54)

0.031

 Severe COVID-19 (n (%))

78 (54)

45 (47)

33 (69)

0.014

Outcomes

 All-cause death (n (%))

35 (24)

0

35 (73)

 < 0.001

 ATE (n (%))

8 (5.6)

0

8 (17)

 < 0.001

 VTE (n (%))

9 (6.3)

0

9 (19)

 < 0.001

 Major hemorrhagic event (n (%))

7 (4.9)

4 (4.2)

3 (6.3)

0.686

General biochemical variables

 Hemoglobin (g/dl)

13.4 ± 1.8

13.6 ± 1.5

13.0 ± 2.1

0.126

 Platelet count (n. × 103/mm3)

210 ± 82

218 ± 84

194 ± 76

0.099

 Plasma creatinine (mg/dl)

1.02 (0.81–1.39)

0.98 (0.81–1.20)

1.15 (0.88–1.62)

0.011

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

66 ± 29

71 ± 27

55 ± 30

0.004

 Plasma D-dimer (ng/dl FEU)

771 (545–1704)

692 (521–1302)

1240 (722–2613)

0.002

 Prothrombin time (INR)

1.10 (1.56–1.19)

1.10 (1.045–1.21)

1.13 (1.06–1.18)

0.776

Drug therapy

 Heparin use (n (%))

  •Low dose

99 (69)

69 (72)

30 (63)

0.260

  •Intermediate dose

21 (15)

13 (14)

8 (15)

0.812

  •High dose

24 (17)

14 (15)

10 (21)

0.352

 Antiplatelet drugs (n (%))

49 (34)

27 (29)

22 (42)

0.143

 Statins (n (%))

34 (24)

25 (26)

9 (19)

0.408

  1. ATE, arterial thrombotic event, VTE venous thromboembolism, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, FEU fibrinogen equivalent units, INR, international normalized ratio, p, probability
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