Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula for tracheal intubation in the emergency department
HFNC group | Conventional group | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 20 | n = 67 | |||
Age, years, median (IQR) | 65 | (49–77) | 70 | (61–81) | 0.184 |
Male, n (%) | 12 | (60.0) | 35 | (52.2) | 0.543 |
BMI, median (IQR) | 20.5 | (18.2–23.3) | 21.5 | (19.2–23.5) | 0.361 |
Vital signs on arrival, median (IQR) | |||||
SpO2, % | 96 | (83–99) | 94 | (84–99) | 0.816 |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20 | (15–25) | 22 | (16–26) | 0.282 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135 | (110–176) | 128 | (101–146) | 0.300 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 110 | (80–133) | 103 | (89–112) | 0.320 |
Glasgow coma scale, median (IQR) | 13 | (7–15) | 9 | (6–14) | 0.097 |
Arterial blood gas analysis, median (IQR) | |||||
pH | 7.38 | (7.32–7.44) | 7.37 | (7.23–7.44) | 0.664 |
PaO2, mmHg | 83 | (56.2–209.8) | 77 | (50.6–123) | 0.294 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 40.5 | (34.7–46.0) | 37.7 | (29.5–48.3) | 0.244 |
SOFA score, median (IQR) | 7 | (4–9) | 8 | (6–10) | 0.112 |
APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 17 | (8–24) | 24 | (17–27) | 0.007 |
Initial diagnoses, n (%) | |||||
Stroke, n (%) | 9 | (45.0) | 28 | (41.8) | 0.803 |
Pneumonia, n (%) | 4 | (20.0) | 13 | (19.4) | 0.953 |
Shock, n (%) | |||||
Septic shock, n (%) | 1 | (5.0) | 8 | (11.9) | 0.678 |
Hemorrhagic shock, n (%) | 2 | (10.0) | 2 | (3.0) | 0.225 |
Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (3.0) | 0.437 |
Acute heart failure, n (%) | 1 | (5.0) | 5 | (7.5) | 0.705 |
Acute renal failure, n (%) | 0 | (0) | 4 | (6.0) | 0.570 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 1 | (5.0) | 1 | (1.5) | 0.409 |
Others, n (%) | 2 | (10.0) | 1 | (1.5) | 0.812 |
Indication for intubation | |||||
Consciousness disorder, n (%) | 10 | (50.0) | 34 | (50.7) | 0.954 |
Hypoxemia, n (%) | 6 | (30.0) | 17 | (25.4) | 0.774 |
Emergency operation, n (%) | 3 | (15.0) | 5 | (7.5) | 0.378 |
Shock, n (%) | 3 | (15.0) | 10 | (14.9) | 0.994 |
Drugs used for intubation | |||||
With sedatives (Propofol, midazoram), n (%) | 17 | (85.0) | 54 | (80.6) | 0.657 |
Other sedatives, n (%) | 1 | (5.0) | 3 | (4.5) | 0.923 |
No sedatives, n (%) | 2 | (10.0) | 10 | (14.9) | 0.725 |
Analgesic, n (%) | 12 | (60.0) | 42 | (62.7) | 0.405 |
Neuromuscular blocking agent, n (%) | 16 | (80.0) | 45 | (67.2) | 0.829 |
Intubation by emergency medicine residents | 13 | (65.0) | 24 | (35.8) | 0.038 |