Table 3 Pharmacological and non-pharmacological care provided for back pain
| Â | Pharmacological care | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Country | Data collection time frame | Proportion of sample with back pain N (%) | Type of back pain | Proportion of patients with back pain receiving medications or non-pharmacological treatments |
Capsey et al [44] | UK | Aug 2016 – Jul 2017 | 3315 (100%) | Lower back pain | - Nitrous oxide (24.3%) - Morphine (13.0%) - Paracetamol (8.5%) - Ibuprofen (2.4%) - Other analgesics (1.7%) |
Spain | Jan 2012 – Apr 2016 | 237 (10.5%) | Lumbar radiculopathy | - Diazepam (64.9%) - NSAIDs (53.6%) - Metamizole (33.3%) - Opioids (11.4%) - Paracetamol (5.5%) | |
Infinger et al [26] | USA | Mar 2011—May 2011 | 154 (13.7%) | Falls-related back pain | - Opioid – Fentanyl (2%) |
Eastwood et al [25] | Australia | Sep 2009 – Jun 2012 | 2,309 (9.7%) | Back pain (no definition provided) | - Received analgesia (76.2%) |
Gill et al [28] | UK | Jan 2006 – Dec 2008 | 536 (100%) | All patients diagnosed with thoracolumbar fracture | - Opioid—Morphine (66%) |
Sporer et al [27] | USA | Jan 2004 – Dec 2006 | 539 (0.8%) | Non-traumatic and/or non-recent back pain and back pain – patient not alert | Received analgesia: - Non-traumatic back pain (12%) - Non-recent back pain (8%) - Back pain- not alert (7%) |
Sporer et al [33] | USA | Jan – Dec 2009 | 235 (0.6%) | Non-traumatic and/or non-recent back pain | - Received medication (22.6%) |
Michael et al [32] | USA | Jan 2004 – Jul 2004 | 98 (6.1%) | Non-traumatic and/or non-recent back pain | - Opioids – Morphine (12%) |
Donen et al [36] | Canada | NR | 28 (11.7%) | NR | - Nitrous oxide (100%) |
| Â | Non-pharmacological care | Â | |||
Eastwood et al [24] | Australia | Sep 2009 – Jun 2012 | 5,639 (12.7%) | NR | - Referred to alternate health service provider (16.1%) - Given self-care advice (10.6%) |
Spain | Jan 2012 – Apr 2016 | 237 (10.5%) | Lumbar radiculopathy | - Telecontact (80.5%) - Counselling (64.1%) - Interventions to stabilise emotions (27%) - Behaviour modification (24.9%) - Weight management (20.7%) | |
Eastwood et al [2] | Australia | Sep 2009 – Jun 2012 | 12,643 (11.8%) | Back symptoms | - Referred to alternate health service providers (13.5%) - Received care plan (0.5%) |