Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline

Age (years)

63 (50–77)

66 (54–76)

57 (47–78)

ns

Sex

 Female

19 (51%)

9 (53%)

10 (50%)

ns

 Male

18 (49%)

8 (47%)

10 (50%)

Ethnicity

 Caucasian

31 (84%)

14 (82%)

17 (85%)

ns

 Asian

4 (11%)

2 (12%)

2 (10%)

 Afro-Caribbean

2 (5%)

1 (6%)

1 (5%)

Weight (kg)

72 (59–84)

63 (57–78)

79 (64–93)

ns

Height (cm)

174 (159–180)

162 (152–177)

175 (165–180)

ns

BMI

25 (21–30)

25 (22–30)

26 (21–31)

ns

Heart rhythm – n (%)

ns

 Sinus

31 (84%)

15 (88%)

16 (80%)

 AF

5 (13%)

1 (6%)

4 (20%)

 Incomplete data

1 (3%)

1 (6%)

0

Pre-inclusion fluid (ml)

206 ± 363

215 ± 339

197 ± 392

ns

Study fluid

 Volume (mL)

619 ± 224

650 ± 245

593 ± 200

ns

 Volume (mL/kg)

9 ± 4

10 ± 4

8 ± 4

ns

 Infusion duration (min)

14 ± 7

17 ± 9

12 ± 4

ns

 Infusion rate (mL/min)

53 ± 24

50 ± 26

56 ± 22

ns

SBP (mmHg)

119 (100–136)

119 (100–143)

118 (101–136)

ns

DBP (mmHg)

84 (76–99)

72 (65–91)

70 (62–80)

ns

MAP (mmHg)

70 (64–83)

88 (78–109)

84 (75–96)

ns

Heart rate (bpm)

108 (85–125)

109 (92–129)

105 (84–122)

ns

Respiratory rate

22 (19–26)

24 (17–29)

22 (20–24)

ns

Temperature (C)

37 (36.5–38.3)

36.6 (36.2–38.3)

37.3 (36.6–38.2)

ns

O₂ saturation

97 (94–100)

97 (95–100)

97 (92–99)

ns

New oxygen need – n (%)

8 (22%)

3 (18%)

5 (25%)

ns

NEWS

5 (3–6)

5 (3–7)

4 (3–6)

ns

Base excess

0.9 (-4.3–3.75)

0.55 (-5.53–2.58)

1.2 (-3.3–4.5)

ns

Lactate

1.9 (1.25–3.65)

1.75 (1.15–4.28)

2.0 (1.3–3.6)

ns

Stroke volume (mL)

60 (49–82)

51 (47–56)

72 (60–90)

0.0066

Cardiac output (L/min)

6.1 (4.4–8.1)

5.0 (4.1–6.3)

7.4 (5.7–9.1)

0.0044

Impedance

34 (31–38)

34 (31–38)

33 (29–38)

ns

Signal quality indicator (%)

47 (29–68)

57 (32–70)

44 (27–66)

ns