Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Parameters | All patients (n = 419) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-BD | BD n = 77 | P value | ||||
All n = 342 | Survived n = 198 | Death n = 144 | All non-BD vs. BD | Non-BD Death vs. BD | ||
Age (IQR) | 66 (56, 74) | 64 (55, 74) | 67 (58, 75) | 56 (42, 64) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 232(67.8) | 136 (68.7) | 96 (66.7) | 41 (53.2) | 0.017 | 0.059 |
Etiology (%) | ||||||
Internal | ||||||
Cardiac | 215 (62.9) | 137 (69.2) | 78 (54.2) | 24 (31.2) | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
Respiratory | 25 (7.3) | 13 (6.6) | 12 (8.8) | 9 (11.7) | ||
Cerebrovascular | 20 (5.8) | 7 (3.5) | 13 (9.0) | 18 (23.4) | ||
External | 58 (17.0) | 31 (15.7) | 27 (18.8) | 20 (26.0) | ||
Unknown | 24 (7.0) | 10 (5.1) | 14 (9.7) | 6 (7.8) | ||
Witness (%) | 227 (66.4) | 156 (78.8) | 73 (50.7) | 40 (51.9) | 0.025 | 0.778 |
Bystander CPR (%) | 195 (57.0) | 104 (52.5) | 91(63.2) | 41(53.2) | 0.611 | 0.154 |
Initial rhythm upon EMS arrival (%) | ||||||
ROSC | 11 (3.2) | 9 (4.5) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (2.6) | 0.036 | 0.399 |
VF/pulseless VT | 137 (40.1) | 98 (49.5) | 39 (27.1) | 18 (23.4) | ||
PEA | 64 (18.7) | 38 (19.2) | 26 (18.1) | 21 (27.3) | ||
Asystole | 119 (34.8) | 48 (24.2) | 71 (49.3) | 35 (45.5) | ||
Unknown | 11 (3.2) | 5 (2.5) | 9 (6.2) | 1 (1.3) | ||
Defibrillation (%) | 162 (47.4) | 110 (47.5) | 52 (36.1) | 21 (27.3) | 0.001 | 0.230 |
Low-flow time, min (IQR) | 25.5 (15.0, 40.8) | 20.0 (11.25, 34.8) | 31.5 (21.0, 43.0) | 35.0 (25.0, 46.0) | < 0.001 | 0.192 |
BGA on arrival at ED | ||||||
pH (IQR) | 7.08 (6.89, 7.30) | 7.21 (7.00, 7.33) | 6.97 (6.80, 7.14) | 6.91 (6.82, 7.03) | < 0.001 | 0.167 |
Base deficit, mmol/L (IQR) | 13.55 (6.72, 21.08) | 10.2 (4.4, 16.5) | 18.8 (12.10, 23.7) | 20.10 (14.10, 23.50) | < 0.001 | 0.526 |
Lactate, mmol/L (IQR) | 9.80 (6.23, 13.17) | 7.9 (4.4, 11.6) | 11.6 (9.1, 14.9) | 12.70 (9.20, 14.60) | 0.001 | 0.906 |
End-stage renal failure on dialysis (%) | 14 (4.1) | 5 (2.5) | 9 (6.2) | 1 (1.3) | 0.324 | 0.170 |