Table 4 Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors that affected unfavorable outcomes

Sex: male vs. female

1.64

1.02–2.64

0.04

Age ≥ 65 y

1.8

1.07–3.05

0.028

Presence of comorbidities

1.5

0.93–2.42

0.097

Chronic heart disease

5.97

1.08–33.16

0.041

Chronic renal failure

2.43

0.9–6.55

0.079

Gastrointestinal disease

2.0

1.08–3.73

0.028

Triage level

 ESI 2

11.62

1.43–94.83

0.022

 ESI 3

3.62

0.48–27.12

0.21

 ESI 4

1.08

0.14–8.48

0.942

 Onset of symptoms to ED visit > 12 h

1.73

1.07–2.8

0.026

 EDLOS > 4 h

13.1

7.45–23.04

 < 0.001

 Hospital length of stay > 7 days

2.17

0.87–5.41

0.098

Vital signs

 SBP < 125 mmHg

1.67

1.04–2.68

0.035

 SBP < 100 mmHg

3.28

0.89–12.01

0.073

 DBP < 80 mmHg

3.01

1.78–5.11

 < 0.001

 Heart rate ≥ 90 bpm

2.39

1.49–3.85

 < 0.001

 RR ≥ 24 breaths/min

1.69

1.05–2.73

0.032

 RR ≥ 30 breaths/min

5.02

2.4–10.51

 < 0.001

 BT ≥ 37.5 °C

5.02

3.04–8.29

 < 0.001

 BT ≥ 38 °C

6.58

3.31–13.11

 < 0.001

Abdominal tenderness

 Generalized

2.3

1.18–4.48

0.014

 Epigastrium

0.36

0.17–0.77

0.008

 RLQ

6.9

3.83–10.33

 < 0.001

 RUQ

2.04

0.96–4.3

0.063

 Abdominal distension

2.9

1.63–5.15

 < 0.001

 Generalized rigidity/guarding

39.68

10.49,150.1

 < 0.001

 Localized rigidity/guarding

22.31

7.86–63.3

 < 0.001

 Hypoactive bowel sounds

6.26

3.16–12.38

 < 0.001

 Presence of specific abdominal signs

2.45

1.51–3.99

 < 0.001

 Digital rectal examination

3.3

1.74–6.25

 < 0.001

Laboratory results

 White blood cell count ≥ 12,000

3.39

2–5.74

 < 0.001

 White blood cell count ≥ 14,000

3.19

1.86–5.5

 < 0.001

 ANC > 75%

4.4

2.44–7.93

 < 0.001

 Lymphocytes < 15%

3.4

1.95–5.95

 < 0.001

 Positive urinalysis

0.3

0.15–0.59

 < 0.001