Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age (years)

66(55,78)

69(55,79)

64(54,75)

< 0.001

Female sex (n, %)

705(39.8)

410(42.6)

295(36.5)

0.009

ICD-I462 (n, %)

151(8.5)

43(4.5)

108(13.3)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m ² )(IQR)

27.4(23.7,32.0)

26.8(23.1,31.9)

27.9(24.3,32.3)

< 0.001

Admission location (n, %)

955(53.9)

537(55.8)

418(51.7)

0.085

SBP (min, mmHg) (IQR)

83(71,95)

79(63,91)

86(77,98)

< 0.001

SBP (max, mmHg) (IQR)

147(132,166)

146(129,165)

149(135,167)

0.001

DBP (min, mmHg) (IQR)

43(34,51)

40(31,49)

45(38,53)

< 0.001

DBP (max, mmHg) (IQR)

87(74,102)

86(73,103)

88(77,100)

0.246

 h (min, bpm) (IQR)

66(55,79)

68(56,82)

63(55,75)

< 0.001

 h (max, bpm) (IQR)

104(89,124)

109(93,128)

99(86,117)

< 0.001

RR (min, bpm) (IQR)

13(10,16)

13(10,16)

12(10,15)

< 0.001

RR (max, bpm) (IQR)

28(24,32)

29(25,34)

27(24,31)

< 0.001

T (min, ℃) (IQR)

36.3(35.3,36.6)

36.0(34.7,36.5)

36.4(35.8,36.7)

< 0.001

T (max, ℃) (IQR)

37.1(36.6,37.7)

37.0(36.2,37.6)

37.2(36.9,37.7)

< 0.001

SpO ₂ (min, %) (IQR)

92(87,95)

91.(82,95)

93(90,95)

< 0.001

SpO ₂ (max, %) (IQR)

100(100,100)

100(100,100)

100(100,100)

< 0.001

GCS (min) (IQR)

14(7,15)

14(5,15)

14(9,15)

0.758

Lac (min, mmol/L) (IQR)

1.9(1.3,3.4)

2.5(1.5,4.6)

1.6(1.1,2.3)

< 0.001

Lac (max, mmol/L) (IQR)

14(7,15)

4.8(2.3,8.5)

2.8(1.7,5)

< 0.001

Sofa (IQR)

9(5,12)

10(6,13)

7(4,11)

< 0.001

Respiration (IQR)

2(0,4)

2(0,4)

2(0,4)

< 0.001

Coagulation (IQR)

0(0,1)

0(0,1)

0(0,1)

< 0.001

Liver (IQR)

0(0,0)

0(0,1)

0(0,0)

< 0.001

Cardiovascular (IQR)

3(1,4)

4(1,4)

1(1,4)

< 0.001

CNS (IQR)

1(0,3)

1(0,4)

1(0,3)

0.600

Renal (IQR)

1(0,3)

2(1,3)

1(0,2)

< 0.001

Age-adjusted CCI (IQR)

6(4,8)

6(4,9)

6(4,8)

< 0.001

Age-Score (IQR)

3(2,4)

4(2,4)

3(2,4)

< 0.001

Myocardial infarct (n, %)

517(29.2)

262(27.2)

255(31.5)

0.047

Congestive heart failure (n, %)

720(40.6)

355(36.9)

365(45.1)

< 0.001

Peripheral vascular disease (n, %)

259(14.6)

152(15.8)

107(13.2)

0.129

Cerebrovascular disease (n, %)

282(15.9)

176(18.3)

105(13)

0.002

Dementia (n, %)

59(3.3)

35(3.6)

24(3.0)

0.435

Chronic pulmonary disease (n, %)

454(25.6)

246(25.5)

208(25.7)

0.937

Rheumatic disease (n, %)

58(3.3)

35(3.6)

23(2.8)

0.351

Peptic ulcer disease (n, %)

52(2.9)

24(2.5)

28(3.5)

0.229

Mild liver disease (n, %)

280(15.8)

172(17.9)

108(13.3)

0.010

Diabetes without complications (n, %)

478(27.0)

271(28.1)

208(25.7)

0.251

Diabetes with complications (n, %)

245(13.8)

115(11.9)

129(15.9)

0.015

Paraplegia (n, %)

65(3.7)

35(3.6)

30(3.7)

0.934

Renal disease (n, %)

517(29.2)

279(29)

239(29.5)

0.792

Malignant cancer (n, %)

200(11.3)

137(14.2)

63(7.8)

< 0.001

Severe liver disease (n, %)

83(4.7)

61(6.3)

22(2.7)

< 0.001

Metastatic solid tumor (n, %)

83(4.7)

69(7.2)

14(1.7)

< 0.001

AIDS (n, %)

10(0.6)

7(0.7)

3(0.4)

0.319

Sepsis (n, %)

1179(66.5)

649(67.4)

530(65.5)

0.403

Defibrillation (n, %)

87(4.9)

41(4.3)

46(5.7)

0.166

MV (n, %)

1189(67.1)

682(70.8)

507(62.7)

< 0.001