Table 6 Predictors for imaging, laboratory tests, opioid use and inpatient admission

Age

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

Sex, Male

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

0.83 (0.70–0.99)

0.83 (0.71–0.96)

0.86 (0.67–1.10)

Ambulance arrival

1.29 (1.12–1.48)

1.76 (1.47–2.10)

2.43 (2.10–2.82)

1.55 (1.20–2.00)

SEIFA deciles 6–10

1.16 (0.99–1.36)

1.08 (0.87–1.33)

0.97 (0.81–1.15)

0.78 (0.57–1.07)

ED triage category

Urgent

1.83 (1.13–2.99)

0.75 (0.40–1.38)

0.44 (0.26–0.74)

1.03 (0.56–2.02)

Semi-Urgent

1.58 (0.97– 2.58)

0.53 (0.29–0.99)

0.23 (0.14–0.40)

1.02 (0.51–2.04)

Non-Urgent

0.19 (0.04–0.85)

0.10 (0.02–0.41)

0.10 (0.03–0.32)

1.49 (0.14–16.32)

LBP diagnosis

Radicular LBP

0.41 (0.28–0.58)

2.65 (1.71–4.12)

0.74 (0.50–1.09)

0.28 (0.15–0.55)

NSLBP

0.73 (0.54–0.99)

1.54 (1.05–2.25)

0.79 (0.57–1.12)

0.22 (0.12–0.39)

Received any opioid

–

–

–

2.67 (1.99–3.59)

Received any image

–

–

–

1.14 (0.89–1.47)

Received laboratory test

48.06 (35.66–64.77)