Table 3 Key findings for the effectiveness of interventions for outcomes related alcohol consumption

Barata et al., (2017) [18]

SBIRT (no specified duration or sessions)

Alcohol-related negative consequences for physical and social consequences of alcohol use disorders

1/16

• Reduction in the concomitant use of marijuana and alcohol

3/16

• Fewer injuries

1/17

• Statistically significant changes in ‘trying to be careful while drinking’ (patients 18–21 years)

1/17

• Beneficial effect in reducing drinking and driving (adolescents)

Diestelkamp et al., (2016) [19]

BI (max 60 min); max 3 sessions; 1 in ED

Alcohol-related risk behaviours; alcohol-related negative consequences; and/or seeking of further alcohol treatment or counselling

Alcohol-related harm:

1/4

• Significant effect favouring the intervention group for reducing drinking and driving

1/3

• Significant effect of the intervention on the quantity of alcohol-related injuries

1/3

• Significant decline in moving violations in the intervention group at 6-months

Referral to treatment:

7/15

• Assessed whether participants accessed treatment or counselling following BI; referral rates in BI groups ranged 17% to 88% (mean 35.4%)

1/4

• Significant intervention effects with patients in the intervention group reporting higher numbers in referral to treatment at 4-month follow-up

Kodadek et al., (2020) [22]

SBIRT (no specified duration or sessions)

Prevent or decrease reinjury; hospital readmission; alcohol-related offenses

Rates of re-injury or ED/hospital readmission for re-injury:

3/3

• Lower rates of re-injury for patients receiving BI

1/3

• Statistically significant lower rates of re-injury for patients receiving BI

Rates of alcohol related offences:

1/3

• Significant reduction in arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol after BI (1 study)

2/3

• Fewer alcohol-related offenses after intervention but results did not meet statistical significance or had no control group for comparison (2 studies)

Landy et al., (2016) [24]

BI (5–60 min); single session; no additional booster sessions

ED visits/hospitalisations; alcohol-related injuries; alcohol-related risky behaviour

ED admissions and hospitalisations:

1/5

• Statistically significant difference between BI and control groups on number of visits to ED

Alcohol-related injuries:

1/2

• Participants in BI condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol-related injury in the 6- or 12-months post-BI compared to the control group

1/1

• No significant reductions in repetition of self-harm

Alcohol-related risky behaviour:

2/2

• BI found to be effective in reducing arrests and motor vehicle violations compared to the control group

Simioni et al., (2015) [28]

Intervention with referral to treatment

Treatment utilisation

Onsite brief advice:

1/7

• Significant increase in receipt of specialist evaluation for further treatment at 6 months by injured patients compared to inactive control (1 study)

2/7

• No relation between onsite brief advice and either participation in or completion of treatment at 3 and 12 months compared with active control conditions

Referral to post-discharge interventions:

2/7

• No increase in treatment utilization at 6 and 12 months after receipt of referral to post-discharge BIs compared with active control conditions

1/7

• Significant increase in linkage to an assessment for treatment for patients who received a referral to a post-discharge 5-session case management intervention compared with a referral to a post-discharge 2-session BI and an active control condition

Onsite extended BI:

2/7

• Significant increase in treatment initiation and treatment adherence during the 12 months following an onsite extended compared with an inactive control condition

Post-discharge letter without onsite intervention:

1/7

• Significant increase in treatment initiation 6 months after a post-discharge letter without onsite intervention compared with an inactive control condition

Newton et al., (2013) [26]

BI (time limited); 1 or 2 sessions

Consequences of alcohol use; impact on healthcare use

Impact of BIs on consequences related to alcohol/drug use:

2/2

• Targeted MI significantly reduced alcohol-related injuries up to 6 months after the ED visit, compared with brief advice or handout

1/1

• Greater reduction in drinking and driving up to 6 months post-ED discharge

Impact of BIs on Healthcare Use:

1/1

• Increased likelihood of post-ED treatment adherence in youth who received a targeted BI that included referral and appointments with a community-based treatment agency compared to standard ED care; longer time to alcohol and other drug-related hospital event after discharge (not statistically significant)

Taggart et al., (2013) [29]

Standardised treatment to reduce alcohol intake

Alcohol-related harm

6/7

• All studies found reductions in alcohol-related harm in the intervention group; some between-group differences were not statistically significant

Yuma-Guerrero et al., (2012) [30]

BI (no specified duration or sessions)

Alcohol-related consequences

6/7

• Positive effects on consequences for all participants regardless of study condition (e.g., alcohol-related injuries; alcohol-related problems with friends, parents, police; drink driving; driving with an impaired driver)