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Table 4 Risk factors for serious injuries

From: Fall injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of prospective injury registry from 23 health facilities in Malawi and Tanzania

 

Overall

Malawi

Tanzania

Variable

N = 44,525

Non-discharged

Unadjusted OR

UOR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR

AOR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted OR

AOR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR

AOR (95%CI)

Gender

       

Male

27,950

7.7

1.16 (1.07–1.24)

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.236

1.05(0.94–1.19)

0.91(0.70–1.38)

Female

16,575

6.8

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Age groups

N = 44,525

      

< 5 years

5280

6.3

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

5–13 years

13,667

8.6

1.40 (1.23–1.58)

1.21 (1.01–1.44)

0.037

1.42(1.16–1.74)

0.91(0.57–1.46)

14–24 year

10,600

5.1

0.60 (0.69–0.92)

0.48 (0.39–0.59)

< 0.001

0.54(0.43–0.68)

0.71(0.40–1.28)

25–59 years

12,656

3.3

0.93 (0.82–1.07)

0.49(0.40–0.60)

< 0.001

0.52(0.41–0.65)

0.68(0.40–1.13)

≥ 60 years

2322

19.3

3.98 (3.42–4.62)

1.96 (1.56–2.45)

< 0.001

2.13(1.64–2.76)

1.16(0.58–2.28)

Mechanism of fall

N = 38,802

      

Fall from height

9443

7.8

1.81 (1.65–1.99)

1.51 (1.35–1.69)

< 0.001

1.34(1.18–1.52)

0.70(0.50-1.00)

Ground level fall

29,067

4.4

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Others1

292

5.8

1.33 (0.04–0.05)

1.04 (0.62–1.79)

0.872

1.00(0.56–1.78)

N/A**

Location of fall

N = 44,384

      

Work

2161

12.3

2.03 (1.77–2.32)

1.95 (1.56–2.43)

< 0.001

2.28(1.79–2.90)

0.74(0.39–1.38)

Street or public place

7779

8.2

1.29 (1.18–1.42)

1.80 (1.59–2.04)

< 0.001

1.85(1.61–2.13)

0.96(0.64–1.45)

Recreational area

3410

10.1

1.621(1.44–1.83)

3.47 (2.93–4.10)

< 0.001

4.07(3.37–4.81)

0.77(0.37–1.58)

Home

31,034

6.5

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Alcohol status

N = 42,331

      

Confirmed

541

11.9

2.60 (2.0-3.39)

1.60 (1.11–2.30)

0.012

2.04(1.38–3.01)

0.73(0.18–2.97)

Suspected

184

8.7

1.85 (1.10–3.09)

1.52 (0.81–2.88)

0.191

1.70(0.89–3.37)

N/A**

No

41,606

4.9

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

EU arrival time

N = 44,523

      

< 6 h

710

17.8

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

6–11 h

28,150

4.5

0.22 (0.18–0.27)

0.35 (0.25–0.49)

< 0.001

0.40(0.28–0.58)

0.77(0.28–2.15)

12-17 h

12,531

9.8

0.50 (0.41–0.61)

0.68 (0.49–0.95)

0.026

0.77(0.53–1.13)

0.65(0.23–1.81)

≥18 h

3132

20.6

1.21(0.18–0.26)

1.70 (1.21–2.40)

0.002

2.16(1.47–3.17)

0.81(0.28–2.32)

Region of Injury

44,525

      

Head and Neck injury

1945

9.6

1.35 (1.16–1.58)

0.73 (0.57–0.93)

0.012

2.59(1.90–3.53)

7.60(2.34–24.56)

No Head & Neck injury

42,580

7.3

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Chest injury

651

12.3

1.81(1.43–2.29)

1.15 (0.82–1.60)

0.83

4.37(2.98–6.43)

N/A**

No Chest injury

43,874

7.3

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

1Pelvic injury

357

21.3

3.46 (2.68–4.47)

1.97 (1.36–2.86)

< 0.001

6.84(4.43–10.56)

N/A**

No Pelvic injury

44,168

7.2

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Extremities injury

38,786

5.9

0.30 (0.28–0.33)

0.49 (0.41–0.58)

< 0.001

2.40(1.78–3.23)

4.50(3.10–6.52)

No Extremities injury

5,739

17.2

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

  1. **Dropped by the model as a default due to multicollinearity resulting from small sample size
  2. 1Includes abdominal and pelvic injuries.
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