Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the initial admission ward

Age, years

66.3 ± 14.1

62.3 ± 15.2

59.7 ± 17.1

Male sex, n (%)

4,860 (58.4%)

1,401 (59.5%)

8,355 (52.5%)

KTAS level, n (%)

 KTAS 1

188 (2.3%)

48 (2.0%)

395 (2.5%)

 KTAS 2

2,023 (24.3%)

442 (18.8%)

3,434 (21.6%)

 KTAS 3

5,932 (71.2%)

1834 (77.8%)

9,862 (62.0%)

 KTAS 4

179 (2.1%)

30 (1.3%)

1,994 (12.5%)

 KTAS 5

6 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

227 (1.4%)

Visit route, n (%)

 Direct visit

5,408 (64.9%)

1,415 (60.1%)

9,765 (61.4%)

 Via outpatient clinic

1,151 (13.8%)

481 (20.4%)

2,063 (13.0%)

 Via outside hospital

1,767 (21.2%)

458 (19.4%)

4,078 (25.6%)

 Others

2 (0.0%)

1 (0.0%)

3 (0.0%)

 Unknown

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.0%)

3 (0.0%)

Type of visit

 Medical

8,252 (99.1%)

2,295 (97.4%)

14,622 (91.9%)

 Non-medical

76 (0.9%)

61 (2.6%)

1290 (8.1%)

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

139.3 ± 30.6

140.8 ± 29.9

144.4 ± 31.1

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

77.4 ± 15.9

79.3 ± 15.6

81.0 ± 16.5

Heart rate, beat per min

91.8 ± 21.1

90.6 ± 19.9

91.0 ± 20.9

Respiratory rate, breath per min

19.0 ± 3.9

18.8 ± 3.5

18.8 ± 4.0

Body temperature, °C

36.8 ± 1.2

36.8 ± 1.1

36.8 ± 1.0

SpO2, %

96.4 ± 4.1

96.4 ± 3.9

96.3 ± 4.5

Missing SpO2 value, n (%)

1686 (20.2%)

542 (23.0%)

4396 (27.6%)

Patient response, n (%)

 Alert

7,914 (95.0%)

2,223 (94.4%)

14,716 (92.5%)

 Response to verbal stimulus

336 (4.0%)

110 (4.7%)

923 (5.8%)

 Response to pain

72 (0.9%)

20 (0.8%)

205 (1.3%)

 Unresponsive

6 (0.1%)

3 (0.1%)

68 (0.4%)

Year of emergency department visit, n (%)

 2017

2,979 (35.8%)

415 (17.6%)

5,055 (31.8%)

 2018

2,525 (30.3%)

1,249 (53.0%)

5,414 (34.0%)

 2019

2,824 (33.9%)

692 (29.4%)

5,443 (34.2%)