Table 1 Baseline characteristics of emergency patients with COVID-19

Age

72.9 ± 15.1

58.6 ± 17.6

< 0.001

Sex (male)

149 (58.7)

343 (47.4)

0.002

Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.1 ± 6.7

26.1 ± 6.1

0.032

Day of symptoms

3, 3.25

4, 5

0.001

Underlying disease

 Diabetes mellitus

86 (33.9)

237 (32.7)

0.743

 Coronary artery disease

34 (13.4)

56 (7.7)

0.007

 Cerebrovascular disease

40 (15.7)

52 (7.2)

< 0.001

 CKD stage 3–5 or ESRD

63 (24.8)

82 (11.3)

< 0.001

 Chronic lung disease

29 (11.4)

52 (7.2)

0.035

 Malignancy

23 (9.1)

41 (5.7)

0.06

 Immunodeficiency

9 (3.5)

21 (2.9)

0.609

 Do-not-resuscitate status

163 (64.2)

65 (9.0)

< 0.001

Vital signs and mental status at ED arrival

 Body temperature (^oC)

37, 1.2

36, 1

0.02

 Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

31.9 ± 7.8

29.2 ± 7.8

< 0.001

 Pulse rate (beats/min)

98.9 ± 21.4

94.6 ± 19.0

0.002

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

136.6 ± 30.2

136.5 ± 28.5

0.942

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.9 ± 18.8

79.6 ± 15.7

0.002

 Oxygen saturation (%)

88, 17

94, 7

< 0.001

 Glasgow coma scale score

15, 1.25

15, 0

< 0.001

Early warning scores at ED arrival

 qSOFA

1.36 ± 0.56

1.08 ± 0.40

< 0.001

 MEWS

4.14 ± 1.79

3.19 ± 1.53

< 0.001

 NEWS

8.09 ± 2.64

5.75 ± 2.71

< 0.001

 REMS

9.80 ± 3.58

6.10 ± 3.48

< 0.001

Outcome

 Mechanical ventilation

109 (42.9)

46 (6.4)

< 0.001

 ICU admission

94 (37.0)

91 (12.6)

< 0.001

 Length of hospital stay (days)

9.5, 12

10, 8

0.424