Table 2 Characteristics of the study population

Age

Mean (SD)

50.9 (20.8)

72.0 (20.6)

51.4 (23.5)

< 0.001¹

Sex

Male

1851 (70.9%)

482 (77.2%)

251 (57.2%)

1118 (72.3%)

Female

759 (29.1%)

142 (22.8%)

188 (42.8%)

429 (27.7%)

< 0.001²

Prior comorbidities / ASA-PS

Unknown

641 (24.6%)

604 (96.8%)

6 (1.4%)

31 (2.0%)

Healthy

1204 (46.1%)

19 (3.0%)

132 (30.1%)

1053 (68.1%)

Mild systemic disease

658 (25.2%)

1 (0.2%)

238 (54.2%)

419 (27.1%)

< 0.001

Serious systemic disease

107 (4.1%)

0 (0.0%)

63 (14.4%)

44 (2.8%)

Predominant type of trauma

Penetrating

139 (5.3%)

71 (11.4%)

9 (2.1%)

59 (3.8%)

Blunt

2471 (94.7%)

553 (88.6%)

430 (97.9%)

1488 (96.2%)

< 0.001²

Intentionality

Accidental

2246 (86.1%)

389 (62.3%)

408 (92.9%)

1449 (93.7%)

Self-inflicted

291 (11.1%)

212 (34.0%)

16 (3.6%)

63 (4.1%)

Aggression/other

73 (2.8%)

23 (3.7%)

15 (3.4%)

35 (2.3%)

< 0.001³

Mechanism

Traffic (car, bus, truck)

479 (18.4%)

168 (26.9%)

38 (8.7%)

273 (17.6%)

Traffic (motorbike)

179 (6.9%)

29 (4.6%)

15 (3.4%)

135 (8.7%)

Traffic (bicycle)

141 (5.4%)

8 (1.3%)

9 (2.1%)

124 (8.0%)

Traffic (run over)

176 (6.7%)

40 (6.4%)

43 (9.8%)

93 (6.0%)

Firearm

59 (2.3%)

49 (7.9%)

2 (0.5%)

8 (0.5%)

Stabbing

42 (1.6%)

18 (2.9%)

4 (0.9%)

20 (1.3%)

< 0.001²

Contusion by diverse objects

151 (5.8%)

37 (5.9%)

15 (3.4%)

99 (6.4%)

Fall from low height

775 (29.7%)

43 (6.9%)

253 (57.6%)

479 (31.0%)

Fall from high height

438 (16.8%)

156 (25.0%)

52 (11.8%)

230 (14.9%)

Other

170 (6.5%)

76 (12.2%)

8 (1.8%)

86 (5.6%)

Intubation

No

1800 (88.3%)

40 (50.6%)

326 (76.3%)

1434 (93.6%)

Yes

238 (11.7%)

39 (49.4%)

101 (23.7%)

98 (6.4%)

< 0.001²

Oxygen therapy

No

840 (41.9%)

30 (40.0%)

174 (41.2%)

636 (42.1%)

Yes

1166 (51.6%)

45 (60.0%)

248 (58.8%)

873 (57.9%)

0.893²

Fluid therapy

No

798 (39.7%)

31 (41.3%)

164 (38.9%)

603 (39.8%)

Yes

1213 (60.3%)

44 (58.7%)

258 (61.1%)

911 (60.2%)

0.897²