Table 1 Baseline characteristics of trauma patients before and after propensity matching
Unmatched patients | 1:3 propensity score matched patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Ketamine | Etomidate | p-value | Ketamine | Etomidate | p-value | |
(n = 118) | (n = 502) | (n = 118) | (n = 354) | ||||
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 50.0 ± 18.8 | 50.8 ± 17.8 | 0.64 | 50.0 ± 18.8 | 50.6 ± 18.0 | 0.74 | |
Sex, n (%) | 0.338 | 0.682 | |||||
Male | 94 (79.7) | 421 (83.9) | 94 (79.7) | 290 (81.9)) | |||
Mechanism of injury, n (%) | 0.563 | 0.953 | |||||
Free fall | 36 (30.5) | 128 (25.5) | 36 (30.5) | 96 (27.1) | |||
Motor vehicle accident | 55 (46.6) | 250 (50.6) | 55 (46.6) | 167 (47.2) | |||
Ground fall | 2 (1.7) | 18 (3.6) | 2 (1.7) | 6 (1.7) | |||
Other blunt trauma | 4 (3.4) | 22 (4.4) | 4 (3.4) | 14 (4.0) | |||
Penetrating injury | 15 (12.7) | 47 (9.4) | 15 (12.7) | 45 (12.7) | |||
Unknown | 6 (5.1) | 33 (6.6) | 6 (5.1) | 26 (7.3) | |||
Initial HR, mean ± SD (beats/min) | 105.0 ± 25.7 | 97.7 ± 23.6 | 0.003 | 105.0 ± 25.7 | 99.1 ± 24.8 | 0.029 | |
Initial SBP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 114.2 ± 32.8 | 139.3 ± 34.4 | < 0.001 | 114.2 ± 32.8 | 136.1 ± 34.7 | < 0.001 | |
Initial SBP, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
≤ 90 mmHg | 27 (22.9) | 38 (7.6) | 27 (22.9) | 34 (9.6) | |||
Shock index, mean ± SD | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.502 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.591 | |
Shock index, n (%) | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | |||||
≤ 0.9 | 18 (15.3) | 76 (15.1) | 18 (15.3) | 54 (14.7) | |||
Initial GCS, mean ± SD | 9.1 ± 4.0 | 8.2 ± 4.0 | 0.031 | 9.1 ± 4.0 | 8.7 ± 4.1 | 0.358 | |
ISS, mean ± SD | 32.5 ± 16.3 | 27.0 ± 13.3 | < 0.001 | 32.5 ± 16.3 | 28.0 ± 13.3 | 0.101 | |
ISS, n (%) | 0.084 | 0.65 | |||||
>15 | 108 (87.3) | 401 (79.9) | 108 (87.3) | 301 (85.0) | |||