Table 3 Characteristics of the selected studies for the systematic review
N | Author | Year | Journal | Country and ED setting | EDLOS Cut-Off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lee S [16] | 2023 | Personalized Medicine | 1 U.S | (≤ 24 h, ≤ 48 h, ≤ 4 days, ≤ 7 days) |
2 | Zeleke AJ [17] | 2023 | Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence | 1 Italy |  ≥ 6 h |
3 | Lee H [18] | 2023 | Nursing Open | 1 Korea | (≤ 6, > 6)h |
4 | Kadri F [19] | 2023 | Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing | 1 France | (≤ 120, 120–210, 210–300, 300–480, > 480)min |
5 | Lee K.S [20] | 2022 | BMC Emergency Medicine | 1 Korea | (< 6, ≥ 6)h |
6 | Srivastava S [21] | 2022 | Journal of Hypertension | 1 U.S | Continious |
7 | Etu EE [22] | 2022 | IEEE Access | 1 U.S | Continious |
8 | Chang YH [23] | 2022 | BMC Emergency Medicine | 1 Taiwan |  < 4 h, ≥ 4 h |
9 | d'Etienne JP [24] | 2021 | Am J Emerg Med | 1 U.S | (6, 8, 12, 16, 23) h |
10 | Laher AE [25] | 2021 | PloS one | 1 South Africa | (< 7, ≥ 7)days |
11 | Bacchi S [15] | 2020 | Internal and Emergency Medicine | 1 Australia | (< 2, ≥ 2)days |
12 | Sweeny A [26] | 2020 | Internal Medicine J | 1 Australia | (> 4, > 6, > 8)h |
13 | Sricharoen P [21] | 2020 | Medicina | 1 Thailand | Continuous |
14 | Rahman MA [28] | 2020 | Emergency Medicine Australasia | 1 Australia |  < 4 h, ≥ 4 h |
15 | Curiati PK [29] | 2020 | Annals of Emergency Medicine | 1 Brazil | Continuous |
16 | Chen C-H [30] | 2020 | The American Journal of Emergency Medicine | 1 Taiwan |  < 6 h, ≥ 6 h |
17 | Street, M [31] | 2018 | European Journal of Emergency Medicine | 1 Australia |  > 4 h |
18 | Gill, S. D [32] | 2018 | Emergency Medicine Australasia | 1 Australia | (0,50,100,150,200,250)min |
19 | Zhu, T [33] | 2017 | IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics | 1 China | (> 4 h, > 6 h, > 24 h, > 72 h, less than one week) |
20 | Chaou C-H [34] | 2017 | PloS one | 1 China | Continuous |
21 | Warren M [35] | 2016 | Am J Emerg Med | 1 U.S |  < 8 h, ≥ 8 h |
22 | Prisk D [36] | 2016 | West J Emerg Med | 1 New Zealand | Continuous |
23 | Launay CP [37] | 2015 | European Journal of Internal Medicine | 1 France | Continuous |
24 | Stephens R [38] | 2014 | J Emerg Med | 1 U.S |  > 24 h |
25 | Casalino E [39] | 2012 | Emerg Med J | 1 France | (< 160, ≥ 160, < 485, ≥ 485) min |
26 | Green N [40] | 2012 | Pediatr Emerg Care | 1 U.S | Continuous |
27 | van der Linden C [41] | 2012 | Int Emerg Nurs | 1 Netheland | Continious |
28 | Nejtek V. A [42] | 2011 | J Psychiatr Pract | 1 U.S | (1–6, 7–12, 13–24, 25–48, 49–72, > 72)h |
29 | Ding R [43] | 2010 | Acad Emerg Med | 4 U.S | Continious |
30 | Chi, C. H [44] | 2006 | J Formos Med Assoc | 1 Taiwan | (< 6, 6–24, 24–48, > 48)h |
31 | Walsh P [45] | 2004 | Eur J Emerg Med | 1 U.S | Continious |
32 | Tanabe P [46] | 2004 | J Emerg Nurs | 1 U.S | Continious |
33 | Jimenez, J [47] | 2003 | Cjem | 1 Andorra | Continious |
34 | Tandberg D [48] | 1994 | Ann Emerg Med | 1 Mexico | Continious |