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  1. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines revised in 2015 recommend target chest compression rate (CCR) and chest compression depth (CCD) of 100–120 compressions per minute (cpm) and 5–6 cm, respectively. W...

    Authors: Nao Urushibata, Kiyoshi Murata, Hideki Endo, Ayako Yoshiyuki and Yasuhiro Otomo

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:49

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. UK Ambulance services are under pressure to safely stream appropriate patients away from the Emergency Department (ED). Even so, there has been little evaluation of patient outcomes. We investigated difference...

    Authors: Joanna M. Blodgett, Duncan J. Robertson, David Ratcliffe and Kenneth Rockwood

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:48

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The average age of the global population is rising at an increasing rate. There is a disproportional increase in Emergency Department (ED) visits by older people worldwide. In the Brazilian health system, comp...

    Authors: João Carlos Pereira Gomes, Roger Daglius Dias, Jacson Venancio de Barros, Irineu Tadeu Velasco and Wilson Jacob Filho

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:47

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Previous studies have shown that prehospital insertion of peripheral vascular access is highly variable. The aim of this study is to establish the proportion of peripheral vascular access placement and its use...

    Authors: Erin Gonvers, Thierry Spichiger, Eric Albrecht and Fabrice Dami

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:46

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Acute appendicitis is a global disease and a very common indication for emergency surgery worldwide. The need for hospital resources is therefore constantly high. The administration in Kanta-Häme Central Hospi...

    Authors: Artur Ojakäär, Martin Purdy, Aristotelis Kechagias, Ulla Järvelin and Ari Palomäki

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:45

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Sepsis is a common problem encountered in the emergency room which needs to be intervened early. Predicting prognosis is always a difficult task in busy emergency rooms using present scores, which has several ...

    Authors: Rajan Ghimire, Yogendra Man Shakya, Tirtha Man Shrestha and Ram Prasad Neupane

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:43

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Several scores and codes are used in prehospital clinical quality registries but little is known of their reliability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the American Society o...

    Authors: A. Heino, P. Laukkanen-Nevala, L. Raatiniemi, M. Tommila, J. Nurmi, A. Olkinuora, I. Virkkunen and T. Iirola

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:42

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Anterior shoulder dislocations (ASD) are commonly seen in Emergency Departments (ED). ED overcrowding is increasingly burdening many healthcare systems. Little is known about factors influencing ED length-of-s...

    Authors: Daan Schuur, David Baden, Martijn Roetman, Tom Boeije, Michael Burg and Nieke Mullaart-Jansen

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:41

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) syndromes are a common reason for empirical antibiotics to be prescribed in the Emergency Department (ED), but differentiating UTI from other conditions with a similar p...

    Authors: Laura J. Shallcross, Patrick Rockenschaub, David McNulty, Nick Freemantle, Andrew Hayward and Martin J. Gill

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:40

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Tranexamic acid (TXA) may be a useful adjunct for military patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). These patients are often treated in austere settings without immediate access to neurosurgical inte...

    Authors: Patrick F. Walker, Joseph D. Bozzay, Luke R. Johnston, Eric A. Elster, Carlos J. Rodriguez and Matthew J. Bradley

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:39

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is a pathophysiologic process that occurs in non-acclimated susceptible individuals rapidly ascending to high-altitude. Barometric pressure falls at high altitude and it translate...

    Authors: Gaurav Nepal, Jayant Kumar Yadav, Jessica Holly Rehrig, Niroj Bhandari, Santosh Baniya, Rakesh Ghimire and Narayan Mahotra

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:38

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints among patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). Diagnosis and management of abdominal pain may be a challenge and there are patients who require ad...

    Authors: Artur Kacprzyk, Tomasz Stefura, Katarzyna Chłopaś, Kaja Trzeciak, Aleksandra Załustowicz, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Michał Pędziwiatr, Kazimierz Rembiasz and Piotr Major

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:37

    Content type: Research article

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  14. In recent years, researchers and clinicians have been developing prognostic prediction tools (PPTs) as a way of identifying patients at risk of deterioration. The use of PPTs in the clinical environment not on...

    Authors: Claire O’Neill, Hayley A. Hutchings, Zoe Abbott and Ceri Battle

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:36

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Obstetric and gynecological (OBGY) diseases are among the most important differential diagnoses for young women with acute abdominal pain. However, there are few established clinical prediction rules for scree...

    Authors: Asami Okada, Yohei Okada, Hiroyuki Fujita and Ryoji Iiduka

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:35

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Applying excessive force during endotracheal intubation (ETI) is associated with several complications, including dental trauma and hemodynamic alterations. A gum-elastic bougie (GEB), a type of tracheal tube ...

    Authors: Yuko Ono, Kazuaki Shinohara, Jiro Shimada, Shigeaki Inoue and Joji Kotani

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:34

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The Kingdom of Eswatini, a lower-middle income nation of 1.45 million in southern Africa, has recently identified emergency care as a key strategy to respond to the national disease burden. We aimed to evaluat...

    Authors: J. L. Pigoga, A. P. Joiner, P. Chowa, J. Luong, M. Mhlanga, T. A. Reynolds and L. A. Wallis

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:33

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Examination of serum lactate level and its changes, as an indicator of tissue oxygenation, as well as level of creatine kinase (CK) inhibitors, as a factor of mortality which partially expresses heart, brain, ...

    Authors: Alireza Golaghaei, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Shahin Shadnia, Nasim Zamani and Fatemeh Amraei

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:32

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Acute pain is frequently encountered in the prehospital setting, and therefore, a fundamental aspect of quality emergency care. Research has shown a positive association between healthcare providers’ knowledge...

    Authors: Andrit Lourens, Peter Hodkinson and Romy Parker

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:31

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Pre-hospital identification of key subgroups within the suspected stroke population could reduce delays to emergency treatment. We aimed to identify and describe technology with existing proof of concept for d...

    Authors: Hannah A Lumley, Darren Flynn, Lisa Shaw, Graham McClelland, Gary A Ford, Phil M White and Christopher I Price

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:30

    Content type: Research article

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  21. In Tanzania, there is no national trauma registry. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a data set for injury that specifies the variables necessary for documenting the burden of injury and patien...

    Authors: Hendry R. Sawe, Teri A. Reynolds, Ellen J. Weber, Juma A. Mfinanga, Timothy J. Coats and Lee A. Wallis

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:29

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) carries an 86% mortality rate in Norway. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a potential adjunct in management of non-traumatic cardiac ar...

    Authors: Jostein Rødseth Brede, Jo Kramer-Johansen and Marius Rehn

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:28

    Content type: Research article

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  23. To report on prevalence of gout flare in emergency departments and to report the quality of gout care in emergency departments and causes of admission at emergency departments.

    Authors: Patapong Towiwat, Pariwat Phungoen, Kitti Tantrawiwat, Pavita Laohakul, Duangkamol Aiewruengsurat, Chokchai Thanadetsuntorn, Nopparat Ruchakorn, Passagorn Sangsawangchot and Bodin Buttham

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:27

    Content type: Research article

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  24. When resuscitating patients with hemorrhagic shock following trauma, fluid volume restriction and permissive hypotension prior to bleeding control are emphasized along with the good outcome especially for pene...

    Authors: Kenichiro Uchida, Tetsuro Nishimura, Naohiro Hagawa, Shinichiro Kaga, Tomohiro Noda, Naoki Shinyama, Hiromasa Yamamoto and Yasumitsu Mizobata

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:26

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. The definition of sepsis is regularly updated; however, there is no standard diagnostic test. To improve diagnosis and prognostic prediction, the aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of circ...

    Authors: Lifeng Wang, Wei Zhou, Kaiwen Wang, Shuangjun He and Yi Chen

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:25

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The authors have retracted this case report [1] because the head of the snake shown in Figure 1 and described as being that of a viper (Echis occellatus) is identical to the head of a snake shown in Figure 1 of a...

    Authors: Agnès Esiéné, Paul Owono Etoundi, Joel Noutakdie Tochie, Arlette Junette Mbengono Metogo and Jacqueline Ze Minkande

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:23

    Content type: Retraction Note

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2019 19:26

  28. Videolaryngoscopy (VL) has become a popular method of intubation (ETI). Although VL may facilitate ETI in less-experienced rescuers there are limited data available concerning ETI performed by paramedics durin...

    Authors: Joachim Risse, Christian Volberg, Thomas Kratz, Birgit Plöger, Andreas Jerrentrup, Dirk Pabst and Clemens Kill

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:22

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. An overwhelming proportion of road traffic deaths and injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur in prehospital environments. Lay first responders such as police officers play an important role...

    Authors: Menti L. Ndile, Gift G. Lukumay, Karin Bolenius, Anne H. Outwater, Britt-Inger Saveman and Susann Backteman-Erlanson

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:21

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Patients in need of acute health care do not always contact the most suitable health care service provider. Contacting out-of-hours primary care for an urgent problem may delay care, whereas contacting emergen...

    Authors: Linda Huibers, Anders H. Carlsen, Grete Moth, Helle C. Christensen, Ingunn S. Riddervold and Morten B. Christensen

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:20

    Content type: Research article

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  31. This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands.

    Authors: Fatemeh Shirzad, Fatemeh Hadi, Seyede Salehe Mortazavi, Maryam Biglari, Hassan Noori Sari, Zeinab Mohammadi, Mehrdad Kazemzade Atoofi and Seyed Vahid Shariat

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:19

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Point of care serum lactate measurement is emerging as an adjunct to prehospital clinical assessment and has the potential to guide triage and advanced treatment decision-making. In this study we aimed to asse...

    Authors: E. ter Avest, J. Griggs, J. Wijesuriya, M. Q. Russell and R. M. Lyon

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:18

    Content type: Research article

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  33. There are many high-volume trauma centers in limited resource environments where a thorough clinical examination of patients may contribute to a more economical, accurate, and widely applicable method of deter...

    Authors: Andrés Isaza-Restrepo, Julián Andrés Quintero-Contreras, Jorge Escobar-DiazGranados and Ángela María Ruiz-Sternberg

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:17

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Previous work has indicated that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) within 60 days of trauma exposure, can reliably produce likelihood esti...

    Authors: Willem F. van der Mei, Anna C. Barbano, Andrew Ratanatharathorn, Richard A. Bryant, Douglas L. Delahanty, Terri A. deRoon-Cassini, Betty S. Lai, Sarah R. Lowe, Yutaka J. Matsuoka, Miranda Olff, Wei Qi, Ulrich Schnyder, Soraya Seedat, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen and Arieh Y. Shalev

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:16

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:53

  35. Early prognostication in trauma patients is challenging, but particularly important. We wanted to explore the ability of copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of arginine vasopressin, to identify major trauma, def...

    Authors: Fulvio Salvo, Francesco Luppi, Davide M. Lucchesi, Simone Canovi, Stefano Franchini, Alessandra Polese, Francesca Santi, Laura Trabucco, Tommaso Fasano and Anna Maria Ferrari

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:14

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Oxygen (O2) treatment has been a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. Recent studies, however, state that supplemental O2 therapy may have no effect or harmful effects in these pat...

    Authors: Arash Mokhtari, Mahin Akbarzadeh, David Sparv, Pallonji Bhiladvala, Håkan Arheden, David Erlinge and Ardavan Khoshnood

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:12

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. The health effects of war and armed conflict on casualties and mental health of those directly exposed has been well described, but few studies have explored the indirect health effects of violent events. This...

    Authors: Carla Makhlouf-Obermeyer, Eman Sharara, Ghada El-Eid and Eveline A. Hitti

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:10

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. The original article [1] contains an incorrect affiliation.

    Authors: Zohair A. Al Aseri, M. Owais Suriya, Hosam A. Hassan, Mujtaba Hasan, Shaffi Ahmed Sheikh, Adel Al Tamimi, Mashhoor Alshathri and Najeeb Khalid

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:9

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2015 15:28

  40. Crowding in the emergency department (ED) is a safety concern, and pathways to bypass the ED have been introduced to reduce the time to definitive care. Conversely, a number of low-acuity patients in the ED co...

    Authors: Carl Magnusson, Johan Herlitz and Christer Axelsson

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:7

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Paramedics are increasingly required to make complex decisions as to whether they should convey a patient to hospital or manage their condition at the scene. Dementia can be a significant barrier to the assess...

    Authors: Sarah Voss, Janet Brandling, Katherine Pollard, Hazel Taylor, Sarah Black, Marina Buswell, Richard Cheston, Sarah Cullum, Theresa Foster, Kim Kirby, Larissa Prothero, Sarah Purdy, Chris Solway and Jonathan Benger

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:6

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is used to secure the airway of stroke patients. Randomized controlled trial evidence exists to support the use of paramedic RSI for traumatic brain injury (TBI), but cannot nec...

    Authors: Pieter Francsois Fouche, Paul Andrew Jennings, Malcolm Boyle, Stephen Bernard and Karen Smith

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:5

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. The original article [1] contained a misspelling in first author, Baruch Berzon’s name which has since been corrected.

    Authors: Baruch Berzon, Michael Gleenberg, Joseph Offenbacher and Debra West

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:4

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2019 19:70

  44. Within each of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified key emergency care (EC) interventions that, if implemented effectively, could ensure that the SDG tar...

    Authors: Martina Anto-Ocrah, Jeremy Cushman, Mechelle Sanders and Timothy De Ver Dye

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:3

    Content type: Debate

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  45. Fever is a common symptom when patients present to Emergency Departments. It is unclear if the febrile response of bacteremic hemodialysis-dependent patients differs from bacteremic patients not receiving hemo...

    Authors: Sarah L. Weatherall, Alison B. Chambers and Leonard A. Mermel

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:2

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Dispatch services (DS’s) form an integral part of emergency medical service (EMS) systems. The role of a dispatcher has also evolved into a crucial link in patient care delivery, particularly in dispatcher ass...

    Authors: Shawn Chieh Loong Lee, Desmond Renhao Mao, Yih Yng Ng, Benjamin Sieu-Hon Leong, Jirapong Supasaovapak, Faith Joan Gaerlan, Do Ngoc Son, Boon Yang Chia, Sang Do Shin, Chih-Hao Lin, G. V. Ramana Rao, Takahiro Hara and Marcus Eng Hock Ong

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:1

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Previous systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of interventions for frequent presenters to the Emergency Department (ED) but not the costs and cost-effectiveness of such interventions.

    Authors: Viola Korczak, Janani Shanthosh, Stephen Jan, Michael Dinh and Thomas Lung

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2019 19:83

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Emergency ambulance services are integral to providing a service for those with unplanned urgent and life-threatening health conditions. However, high use of the service by a small minority of patients is a co...

    Authors: Helen A. Snooks, Ashrafunnesa Khanom, Robert Cole, Adrian Edwards, Bethan Mair Edwards, Bridie A. Evans, Theresa Foster, Rachael T. Fothergill, Carol P. Gripper, Chelsey Hampton, Ann John, Robin Petterson, Alison Porter, Andy Rosser and Jason Scott

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2019 19:82

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. The Irish ambulance services have traditionally transported all patients following an emergency (112/999) call, regardless of acuity, to an emergency department (ED). A proposal to introduce Treat and Referral...

    Authors: Brian Power, Gerard Bury and John Ryan

    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2019 19:81

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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