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  1. Sudden cardiac death remains a leading cause of mortality in Canada, resulting in more than 35,000 deaths annually. Most cardiac arrest victims collapse in their own home (85% of the time) and 50% are witnesse...

    Authors: Christian Vaillancourt, Manya Charette, Sarika Naidoo, Monica Taljaard, Matthew Church, Stephanie Hodges, Shannon Leduc, Jim Christenson, Sheldon Cheskes, Katie Dainty, Michael Feldman, Judah Goldstein, John Tallon, Jennie Helmer, Aaron Sibley, Matthew Spidel…
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:26
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. We sought to describe the national characteristics of ED visits by patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States in order to improve the emergency treatment and screening of ESRD patients.

    Authors: Ningyuan Wang, Jiao Pei, Hui Fan, Yaseen Ali, Anna Prushinskaya, Jian Zhao and Xingyu Zhang
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) has been reported as better indicator of bacteremia than procalcitonin (PCT), and more precise predictor of mortality than C-reactive protein (CRP) under various medica...

    Authors: Tao Zhou, Nan Zheng, Xiang Li, Dongmei Zhu and Yi Han
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Kurdistan province of Iran is among disaster prone areas of the country. The Primary Health Care facilities in Iran deliver health services at all levels nationwide. Resiliency and flexibility of such faciliti...

    Authors: Arezoo Yari, Yadolah Zarezadeh, Farin Fatemi, Ali Ardalan, Siamak Vahedi, Homa Yousefi-Khoshsabeghe, Mohsen Soufi Boubakran, Farzam Bidarpoor and Mohamad Esmaeil Motlagh
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Noise levels are monitored in call centres. A maximum of 52 to 55 dB(A) is recommended in order to prevent adverse events. We aimed at assessing the noise level and the impact of a visual noise indicator on th...

    Authors: Justin Outrey, Jean-Baptiste Pretalli, Sophie Pujol, Alice Brembilla, Thibaut Desmettre, Christophe Lambert, Jean-Marc Labourey, Frédéric Mauny and Abdo Khoury
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Emergency Department crowding is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but no measure of crowding has been validated in Sweden. We have previously derived and internally validated the Skåne Emergen...

    Authors: Jens Wretborn, HÃ¥kan Starkenberg, Thoralph Ruge, Daniel B. Wilhelms and Ulf Ekelund
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:49

  7. Becoming critically ill represents not just a great upheaval for the patient in question, but also for the patient’s closest family. In recent years, there has been a change in how the quality of the public he...

    Authors: Randi Olsson Haave, Hilde Hammerud Bakke and Agneta Schröder
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. A lack of follow-up of violence incidents and assaulted staff has been associated with high levels of workplace violence. There is a paucity of literature on the barriers, enablers and opportunities for organi...

    Authors: Brodie Thomas, Anthony McGillion, Kristina Edvardsson, Peter O’Meara, Julia Van Vuuren and Evelien Spelten
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Mechanical chest compression (mCPR) offers advantages during transport under cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Little is known how devices of different design perform en-route. Aim of the study was to measure per...

    Authors: Maximilian Jörgens, Jürgen Königer, Karl-Georg Kanz, Torsten Birkholz, Heiko Hübner, Stephan Prückner, Bernhard Zwissler and Heiko Trentzsch
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Long-term prescription of opioids by healthcare professionals has been linked to poor individual patient outcomes and high resource utilization. Supportive strategies in this population regarding acute healthc...

    Authors: Jean Deschamps, James Gilbertson, Sebastian Straube, Kathryn Dong, Frank P. MacMaster, Christina Korownyk, Lori Montgomery, Ryan Mahaffey, James Downar, Hance Clarke, John Muscedere, Katherine Rittenbach, Robin Featherstone, Meghan Sebastianski, Ben Vandermeer, Deborah Lynam…
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Existing scoring systems to predict mortality in acute pancreatitis may not be directly applicable to the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study was to derive and validate the ED-SAS, a simple ...

    Authors: Joseph Miller, Yiyang Wu, Rawan Safa, Georgiana Marusca, Sandeep Bhatti, Guneet Ahluwalia, Jad Dandashi, Harold Gomez Acevedo, Naureen Farook, Ashley Scott, Vidhya Nair, Angie Adhami, Jeffrey Dueweke, Sudarshan Hebbar and Leeland Ekstrom
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Early warning systems (EWSs) are used to assist clinical judgment in the detection of acute deterioration to avoid or reduce adverse events including unanticipated cardiopulmonary arrest, admission to the inte...

    Authors: S. M. O’Neill, B. Clyne, M. Bell, A. Casey, B. Leen, S. M. Smith, M. Ryan and M. O’Neill
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Acute Heart Failure (AHF) is a common condition that often presents with acute respiratory distress and requires urgent medical evaluation and treatment. Arterial hypercapnia is common in AHF and has been asso...

    Authors: Mathias Fabre, Christophe A. Fehlmann, Birgit Gartner, Catherine G. Zimmermann-Ivoll, Florian Rey, François Sarasin and Laurent Suppan
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Standard prehospital management for Acute respiratory failure (ARF) involves controlled oxygen therapy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a potentially beneficial alternative treatment, however, it...

    Authors: Praveen Thokala, Gordon W. Fuller, Steve Goodacre, Samuel Keating, Esther Herbert, Gavin D. Perkins, Andy Rosser, Imogen Gunson, Joshua Miller, Matthew Ward, Mike Bradburn, Tim Harris, Maggie Marsh, Kate Ren and Cindy Cooper
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Failed airway management is the major contributor for anaesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Cannot-intubate-cannot-ventilate scenarios are the most critical emergency in airway management, and belong to th...

    Authors: H. Herff, W. A. Wetsch, S. Finke, F. Dusse, T. Mitterlechner, P. Paal, V. Wenzel and D. C. Schroeder
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Having to work in unpredictable and critical conditions, emergency care services (EMS) personnel experience complicated situations at the scene of accidents which, inevitably, influence their clinical decision...

    Authors: Mostafa Bijani, Saeed Abedi, Shahnaz Karimi and Banafsheh Tehranineshat
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. A variety of evidence-based algorithms and decision rules using D-Dimer testing have been proposed as instruments to allow physicians to safely rule out a pulmonary embolism (PE) in low-risk patients.

    Authors: Leila Salehi, Prashant Phalpher, Hubert Yu, Jeffrey Jaskolka, Marc Ossip, Christopher Meaney, Rahim Valani and Mathew Mercuri
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. There were 25.6 million attendances at Emergency Departments (EDs) in England in 2019 corresponding to an increase of 12 million attendances over the past ten years. The steadily rising demand at EDs creates a...

    Authors: Michaela A.C. Vollmer, Ben Glampson, Thomas Mellan, Swapnil Mishra, Luca Mercuri, Ceire Costello, Robert Klaber, Graham Cooke, Seth Flaxman and Samir Bhatt
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The South African Triage Scale (SATS) is a validated in-hospital triage tool that has been innovatively adopted for use in the prehospital setting by Western Cape Government (WCG) Emergency Medical Services (E...

    Authors: Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman, Julia M. Dixon, Taylor Burkholder, Jennifer L. Pigoga, Michael Lee, Shaheem de Vries, Kubendhren Moodley, Maxene Meier, Kathryn Colborn, Chandni Patel and Lee A. Wallis
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Carbon monoxide causes electrical, functional, and morphological changes in the heart. It is unclear, however, whether the indicators of myocardial damage can predict the patient’s prognosis after carbon monox...

    Authors: Hitoshi Koga, Hideki Tashiro, Kouta Mukasa, Tomohiro Inoue, Aya Okamoto, Shougo Urabe, Shuuichirou Sagara, Kazumi Yano, Kouhei Onitsuka and Hisashi Yamashita
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Optimization of preoxygenation procedure can help to secure the method of intubation by reducing the risks of severe hypoxemia and other problems. There is confusion for efficacy of non-invasive ventilation co...

    Authors: Chao Zhang and Min Ou
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:46

  22. One goal of Emergency Department (ED) operations is achieving an overall length of stay (LOS) that is less than four hours. The goal of the current study was to assess for association between increasing number...

    Authors: Dominic Jenkins, Sarah A. Thomas, Sameer A. Pathan and Stephen H. Thomas
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Frequent users of emergency departments (FUEDs) (≥5 ED visits/year) represent a vulnerable population with complex needs accounting for a significant number of emergency department (ED) consultations, thus con...

    Authors: Oriane J. Chastonay, Melissa Lemoine, Véronique S. Grazioli, Marina Canepa Allen, Miriam Kasztura, Joanna C. Moullin, Jean-Bernard Daeppen, Olivier Hugli and Patrick Bodenmann
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The prognosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is very poor. While several prehospital factors are known to be associated with improved survival, the impact of prehospital factors on different age grou...

    Authors: Jyun-Bin Huang, Kuo-Hsin Lee, Yu-Ni Ho, Ming-Ta Tsai, Wei-Ting Wu and Fu-Jen Cheng
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Many early warning scores (EWSs) have been validated to prognosticate adverse outcomes secondary to sepsis in the Emergency Department (ED). These EWSs include the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome crite...

    Authors: Onlak Ruangsomboon, Phetsinee Boonmee, Chok Limsuwat, Tipa Chakorn and Apichaya Monsomboon
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The progression of biomarkers over time is considered an indicator of disease progression and helps in the early detection of disease, thereby reducing disease-related mortality. Their ability to predict outco...

    Authors: Jaechul Yoon, Dohern Kym, Jun Hur, Jae Hee Won, Haejun Yim, Yong Suk Cho and Wook Chun
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2021 21:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The purpose of patient safety is to prevent harm occurring in the healthcare system. Patient safety is improved by the use of a reporting system in which healthcare workers can document and learn from incident...

    Authors: Ahmed I. Albarrak, Ammar S. Almansour, Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulaziz H. Almalki, Abdulrahman A. Alshehri and Rafiuddin Mohammed
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Emergency departments (EDs) worldwide have been in the epicentre of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the impact of the pandemic and national emergency measures on the number of non-COVID-19 p...

    Authors: Jalmari Tuominen, Ville Hällberg, Niku Oksala, Ari Palomäki, Timo Lukkarinen and Antti Roine
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Typical lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in patients with a COVID-19 infection were reported early on. During the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, LUS was propagated as a useful instrument in triage and monitoring. W...

    Authors: Bonaventura Schmid, Doreen Feuerstein, Corinna N. Lang, Katrin Fink, Rebecca Steger, Marina Rieder, Daniel Duerschmied, Hans-Jörg Busch and Domagoj Damjanovic
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The so called ABCDE approach (Airway-Breathing-Circulation-Disability-Exposure) is a golden standard of patient assessment. The efficacy of using cognitive aids (CA) in resuscitation and peri-arrest situations...

    Authors: David Peran, Jiri Kodet, Jaroslav Pekara, Lucie Mala, Anatolij Truhlar, Patrik Christian Cmorej, Kasper Glerup Lauridsen, Ferenc Sari and Roman Sykora
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Since the vast majority of older adults in Sweden live in their private homes throughout life, the emergency medical services need to adapt accordingly. Hence, we aimed to describe characteristic patterns of d...

    Authors: Anna Hjalmarsson, Mats Holmberg, Margareta Asp, Gunnel Östlund, Kent W. Nilsson and Birgitta Kerstis
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC) are prescribed for emergent warfarin reversal (EWR). The comparative effectiveness and safety among PCC products are not fully understood.

    Authors: David J. Margraf, Scott Seaburg, Gregory J. Beilman, Julian Wolfson, Jonathan C. Gipson and Scott A. Chapman
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Sudden loss of consciousness (LOC) in the prehospital setting in the absence of cardiac arrest and seizure activity may be a challenge from a dispatcher’s perspective: The aetiology is varied, with many causes...

    Authors: J. Mohindru, J. E. Griggs, R. de Coverly, R. M. Lyon and E. ter Avest
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In-hospital mortality in trauma patients has decreased recently owing to improved trauma injury prevention systems. However, no study has evaluated the validity of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) ...

    Authors: Chiaki Toida, Takashi Muguruma, Masayasu Gakumazawa, Mafumi Shinohara, Takeru Abe, Ichiro Takeuchi and Naoto Morimura
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Traffic accidents constitute a common reason for injury. Little is known about long-term outcomes for patients following a traffic accident. Therefore, in this present paper, we examine 1-day, 30-day and 1-yea...

    Authors: Kristian Bundgaard Ringgren, Elisabeth Helen Anna Mills, Erika Frischknecht Christensen, Rikke Nørmark Mortensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen and Kristian Hay Kragholm
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Dyspnoea is one of the most common reasons for patients contacting emergency medical services (EMS). Pre-hospital Emergency Nurses (PENs) are independently responsible for advanced care and to meet these patie...

    Authors: Wivica Kauppi, Johan Herlitz, Thomas Karlsson, Carl Magnusson, Lina Palmér and Christer Axelsson
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Organizational changes in out-of-hour (OOH) services may have unintended consequences for other prehospital services. Reports indicate an increased use of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) after cha...

    Authors: Dag Ståle Nystøyl, Jo Røislien, Øyvind Østerås, Steinar Hunskaar, Hans Johan Breidablik and Erik Zakariassen
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Although the shock index is known to predict mortality and other severe outcomes, deriving it requires complex calculations. Subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate may produce a simple sho...

    Authors: Yohei Kamikawa and Hiroyuki Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. It remains unclear whether transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) is as safe and effective for paediatric patients with blunt torso trauma as it is for adults in Japan, owing to few trauma cases and sporadi...

    Authors: Masayasu Gakumazawa, Chiaki Toida, Takashi Muguruma, Naoki Yogo, Mafumi Shinohara and Ichiro Takeuchi
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. A decision system in the ambulance allowing alternative pathways to alternate healthcare providers has been developed for older patients in Stockholm, Sweden. However, subsequent healthcare resource use result...

    Authors: Sofi Varg, Veronica Vicente, Maaret Castren, Peter Lindgren and Clas Rehnberg
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Applied Research Associates (ARA) and the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR) have been developing a tablet-based simulation environment for burn wound assessment and burn shock resuscit...

    Authors: Austin Baird, Maria Serio-Melvin, Matthew Hackett, Marcia Clover, Matthew McDaniel, Michael Rowland, Alicia Williams and Bradly Wilson
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:84
    Content type: Software Published on:

  43. The aim of the emergency department (ED) triage is to recognize critically ill patients and to allocate resources. No strong evidence for accuracy of the current triage instruments, especially for the older ad...

    Authors: Kirsi Kemp, Janne Alakare, Veli-Pekka Harjola, Timo Strandberg, Jukka Tolonen, Lasse Lehtonen and Maaret Castrén
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Emergency department personnel routinely bear witness to traumatic experiences and critical incidents that can affect their own well-being. Peer support through debriefing has demonstrated positive impacts on ...

    Authors: Laura Cantu and Listy Thomas
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The aim of this review is to elucidate the efficacy and side effects of ketofol in comparison to other anaesthetic agents during procedural sedation and analgesia.

    Authors: Tze Yong Foo, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Mohd Boniami Yazid, Mohd Hashairi Fauzi, Shaik Farid Abdull Wahab and Mohammad Zikri Ahmad
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has become an alternative to an invasive artificial airway for the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF). NIV failure causes delayed intubation, which eventual...

    Authors: W. Liengswangwong, C. Yuksen, T. Thepkong, P. Nakasint and C. Jenpanitpong
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Defined as a ‘guided reflective learning conversation’, ‘debriefing’ is most often undertaken in small groups following healthcare simulation training. Clinical debriefing (CD) following experiences in the wor...

    Authors: Andrew Coggins, Aaron De Los Santos, Ramez Zaklama and Margaret Murphy
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. This study sheds light on the proficiency of military medical officers who had received between 2 and 3 years of post-graduate training, in the handling of the difficult airway in a trauma manikin simulator us...

    Authors: Jonathan ZM Lim, Shi Hao Chew, Benjamin ZB Chin and Raymond CH Siew
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis that may result in worse outcomes. This study was designed to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors of SAE.

    Authors: Jiayi Chen, Xiaobei Shi, Mengyuan Diao, Guangyong Jin, Ying Zhu, Wei Hu and Shaosong Xi
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. With increased focus on early resuscitation methods following injury to improve patient outcomes, studies are employing exception from informed consent (EFIC) enrollment. Few studies have assessed patients’ op...

    Authors: Insiyah Campwala, Francis X. Guyette, Joshua B. Brown, Peter W. Adams, Barbara J. Early, Mark H. Yazer, Matthew D. Neal, Brian S. Zuckerbraun and Jason L. Sperry
    Citation: BMC Emergency Medicine 2020 20:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1471-227X

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